Lohaus Arnold, Keller Heidi, Lissmann Ilka, Ball Juliane, Borke Joern, Lamm Bettina
Department of Psychology, University of Marburg, Germany.
J Genet Psychol. 2005 Dec;166(4):365-83. doi: 10.3200/GNTP.166.4.365-384.
In this study, the authors investigated the relation between early social contingency experiences and infants' competencies to detect nonsocial contingencies. In this study of 87 three-month-old infants, the authors operationalized early social contingencies as prompt, contingent maternal responses and coded microanalytically on the basis of video-recorded mother-infant interactions. The authors assessed competence to detect nonsocial contingencies by 2 methods: (a) the mobile conjugate reinforcement paradigm, which focuses on detecting contingencies between the infants' actions (kicking) and nonsocial consequences (mobile moving) and (b) the visual expectation paradigm, which focuses on detecting contingencies between 1 event (a smiley face projected on a screen) that was followed by a 2nd event (a complex picture projected on the other side of the screen). The results showed that early social contingencies are related to the competency to detect nonsocial action-consequence contingencies in the mobile conjugate reinforcement paradigm.
在本研究中，作者调查了早期社会偶发事件经历与婴儿察觉非社会偶发事件能力之间的关系。在这项针对87名三个月大婴儿的研究中，作者将早期社会偶发事件定义为及时、有条件的母亲回应，并基于视频记录的母婴互动进行微观分析编码。作者通过两种方法评估察觉非社会偶发事件的能力：(a) 移动共轭强化范式，该范式侧重于检测婴儿动作（踢腿）与非社会后果（移动装置移动）之间的偶发事件；(b) 视觉期望范式，该范式侧重于检测一个事件（笑脸投射在屏幕上）之后紧接着第二个事件（复杂图片投射在屏幕另一侧）之间的偶发事件。结果表明，早期社会偶发事件与在移动共轭强化范式中察觉非社会动作 - 后果偶发事件的能力相关。
