Furtado M F, Maruyama M, Kamiguti A S, Antonio L C
Laboratory of Snake Venoms, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil.
Toxicon. 1991;29(2):219-26. doi: 10.1016/0041-0101(91)90106-2.
Venoms of seven different Bothrops species and three subspecies (B. alternatus, B. cotiara, B. erythromelas, B. jararaca, B. jararacussu, B. moojeni, B. neuwiedi paranaensis. B.n. pauloensis and B.n. urutu) obtained from individual mothers and their young were investigated. Biometrics of snakes and protein content, toxicity (LD50), SDS-PAGE, proteolytic and clotting activities of venoms were estimated. Comparison of venoms from female snakes and their respective newborn offspring were variable in protein content, toxicity, fibrinolytic/amidolytic/thrombin-like activities and in venom yield in relation to snake length. B.n. paranaensis and B.n. pauloensis possessed the most toxic venoms. Caseinolytic activity of all venoms from female snakes and procoagulant activity of their offspring were consistently high. Venoms of B. erythromelas mother and offspring had no amidolytic activity and the highest levels of factor X and prothrombin activators without thrombin-like action. In contrast, the venom of newborn B. cotiara possessed the highest thrombin-like activity whereas a B. jararacussu adult female did not posses any procoagulant activity. An extremely high procoagulant activity of the venom of newborn Bothrops specimens was demonstrated.
对从单独的母蛇及其幼蛇获取的七种不同种类和三个亚种（变纹矛头蝮、科氏矛头蝮、红纹矛头蝮、巴西矛头蝮、大矛头蝮、莫氏矛头蝮、巴拉那新域矛头蝮圣保罗亚种、巴拉那新域矛头蝮乌鲁图亚种）的矛头蝮毒液进行了研究。对蛇的生物特征以及毒液的蛋白质含量、毒性（半数致死量）、十二烷基硫酸钠 - 聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、蛋白水解和凝血活性进行了评估。雌蛇及其各自新生幼蛇的毒液在蛋白质含量、毒性、纤溶/酰胺水解/类凝血酶活性以及毒液产量与蛇长度的关系方面存在差异。巴拉那新域矛头蝮和圣保罗亚种拥有毒性最强的毒液。雌蛇所有毒液的酪蛋白水解活性及其幼蛇的促凝血活性一直很高。红纹矛头蝮母蛇和幼蛇的毒液没有酰胺水解活性，且具有最高水平的无类凝血酶作用的因子X和凝血酶原激活剂。相比之下，新生科氏矛头蝮的毒液具有最高的类凝血酶活性，而一只成年雌性大矛头蝮的毒液没有任何促凝血活性。新生矛头蝮标本的毒液表现出极高的促凝血活性。
