Hamilton Brady E, Ventura Stephanie J
Division of Vital Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, MD, USA.
Int J Androl. 2006 Feb;29(1):34-45. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2005.00638.x.
This paper provides a general overview of trends in the United States (US) birth, fertility and abortion data from 1960 to 2002. Rates by age, race and Hispanic origin are also discussed. Data presented in this paper are derived primarily from published reports of the US government's Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics. In 2002, there were 4,021,726 births in the US. The general fertility rate was 64.8 births per 1,000 women aged 15-44 years, the total fertility rate was 2013.0 children per 1,000 women, and the net reproduction rate was 968 daughters per 1000 women. These rates have declined in the US since 1960, down by at least 44% for all rates. While these rates have been declining, there are substantial differences in fertility patterns by age and race and Hispanic origin. Rates for women, 30 years of age and over, increased between 1980 and 2002. In contrast, rates for women under 25 years of age rose considerably during the late 1980s, and then decreased sharply since 1991. Rates for women in their late twenties (25-29 years of age), the principal childbearing ages, have fluctuated within a narrow range throughout this period (1980-2002). As a result of the increase in births to older women, the mean age of mother at first birth increased by nearly 4 years from 1968 to 2002. In 2000, the latest year for which data are available, there were 21.3 induced abortions per 1000 women aged 15-44 years, down from 27.4 in 1990. The total abortion rate, average number of legally induced abortions that would occur to a hypothetical cohort of 1000 women, was 672.0 abortions per 1,000 women in 2000, down from 785.5 in 1980. The abortion rate has declined fairly steadily since 1980. Like the birth and fertility rates, substantial differences in abortion rates exist by age and race and Hispanic origin. The rates of induced abortion increased for women in their thirties between 1980 and 2000, whereas rates for women under 25 years of age and women 40 years of age and over decreased since 1980. The rate for women 25-29 years of age changed little. The rate of induced abortion was considerably higher for non-Hispanic black women (57.4) in 2000 than for non-Hispanic white women (11.7). The rate for Hispanic women (30.6) was intermediate. The total abortion rate was also much higher for non-Hispanic black women than non-Hispanic white and Hispanic women.
本文概述了1960年至2002年美国出生、生育和堕胎数据的总体趋势。还讨论了按年龄、种族和西班牙裔血统划分的比率。本文所呈现的数据主要源自美国政府疾病控制与预防中心国家卫生统计中心发布的报告。2002年，美国有4,021,726例出生。一般生育率为每1000名15至44岁女性中有64.8例出生，总生育率为每1000名女性中有2013.0个孩子，净再生育率为每1000名女性中有968个女儿。自1960年以来，这些比率在美国有所下降，所有比率至少下降了44%。虽然这些比率一直在下降，但按年龄、种族和西班牙裔血统划分的生育模式存在很大差异。1980年至2002年间，30岁及以上女性的比率有所上升。相比之下，25岁以下女性的比率在20世纪80年代后期大幅上升，然后自1991年以来急剧下降。处于生育主要年龄段的二十多岁后期（25至29岁）女性的比率在此期间（1980 - 2002年）在一个狭窄范围内波动。由于大龄女性生育数量增加，初产母亲的平均年龄从1968年到2002年增加了近4岁。在有数据的最新年份2000年，每1000名15至44岁女性中有21.3例人工流产，低于1990年的27.4例。总流产率，即假设的1000名女性队列中会发生的合法人工流产平均数量，在2000年为每1000名女性中有672.0例流产，低于1980年的785.5例。自1980年以来，流产率相当稳定地下降。与出生率和生育率一样，按年龄、种族和西班牙裔血统划分的流产率也存在很大差异。1980年至2000年间，三十多岁女性的人工流产率上升，而25岁以下女性和40岁及以上女性的比率自1980年以来下降。25至29岁女性的比率变化不大。2000年，非西班牙裔黑人女性的人工流产率（57.4）远高于非西班牙裔白人女性（11.7）。西班牙裔女性的比率（30.6）处于中间水平。非西班牙裔黑人女性的总流产率也远高于非西班牙裔白人和西班牙裔女性。
