Hartmann Sandra Urdaneta, Berlin Cheston M, Howett Mary K
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, USA.
J Hum Lact. 2006 Feb;22(1):75-88; quiz 89-93. doi: 10.1177/0890334405280650.
Preventing mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) through breastfeeding is important to reduce the number of infected children. Research on making breastfeeding safer is a high priority. The authors reviewed the attempts to develop alternative methods, other than antiretroviral (ARV) therapy of mothers and/or babies, to decontaminate breast milk of infectious HIV-1 (free and associated with lymphocytes). They also review how these methods affect milk constituents, as well as their current and prospective status. A PubMed search for English publications on methods to prevent MTCT through breast milk was completed. Methods that have been tested, other than systemicuse or ARV or immunoprophylaxis, to reduce or prevent MTCT of HIV-1 through breast milk were broadly classified into 5 groups: (1) modified feeding practices, (2) heat treatment of milk, (3) lipolysis, (4) antimicrobial treatment of the breastfeeding mother, and (5) microbicidal treatment of infected milk. Their advantages and disadvantages are discussed, as well as future directions in the prevention of MTCT through breastfeeding.
通过母乳喂养预防人类免疫缺陷病毒1型（HIV-1）的母婴传播对于减少受感染儿童数量至关重要。开展使母乳喂养更安全的研究是一项高度优先事项。作者回顾了除对母亲和/或婴儿进行抗逆转录病毒（ARV）治疗之外，开发替代方法对传染性HIV-1（游离的以及与淋巴细胞相关的）母乳进行去污的尝试。他们还回顾了这些方法如何影响乳汁成分以及它们目前的和未来的状况。完成了一项在PubMed上搜索关于通过母乳预防母婴传播方法的英文出版物的工作。除了全身使用抗逆转录病毒药物或免疫预防之外，已测试的通过母乳减少或预防HIV-1母婴传播的方法大致分为5类：（1）改良喂养方式，（2）乳汁热处理，（3）脂肪分解，（4）对母乳喂养母亲进行抗菌治疗，以及（5）对受感染乳汁进行杀微生物处理。讨论了它们的优缺点以及通过母乳喂养预防母婴传播的未来方向。
