Kiss Alexander, Mikkelsen Jens D
Laboratory of Functional Neuromorphology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
Endocr Regul. 2005 Sep;39(3):97-105.
Oxytocin (OXY) is a very abundant neuropeptide exerting a wide spectrum of central and peripheral effects as neurohormone, neurotransmitter, or neuromodulator. In the central nervous system (CNS), the OXY gene is predominantly expressed in magnocellular neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei. The magnocellular OXY neurons release their products into the general circulation in the neurohypophysis while the mediocellular OXY neurons secrete elsewhere in the CNS. OXY is also produced in peripheral tissues, e.g., uterus, placenta, amnion, corpus luteum, testis, and heart. OXY is a potent stimulator of spontaneous erections in rats and is involved in ejaculation. The typical actions of peripheral OXY are stimulation of uterine smooth muscle contraction during labor and milk ejection during lactation. OXY acts via the receptor which is a typical class of I G protein-coupled receptor. OXY receptors have also been identified in other tissues, including the kidney, heart, thymus, pancreas, and adipocytes.
催产素（OXY）是一种非常丰富的神经肽，作为神经激素、神经递质或神经调节剂发挥广泛的中枢和外周作用。在中枢神经系统（CNS）中，OXY基因主要在下丘脑室旁核（PVN）和视上核（SON）的大细胞神经元中表达。大细胞OXY神经元将其产物释放到神经垂体的体循环中，而中细胞OXY神经元则在中枢神经系统的其他部位分泌。OXY也在外周组织中产生，例如子宫、胎盘、羊膜、黄体、睾丸和心脏。OXY是大鼠自发性勃起的有效刺激物，并参与射精过程。外周OXY的典型作用是在分娩期间刺激子宫平滑肌收缩以及在哺乳期间刺激排乳。OXY通过一种典型的G蛋白偶联受体发挥作用。在其他组织中也已鉴定出OXY受体，包括肾脏、心脏、胸腺、胰腺和脂肪细胞。
