Ji Guoping, Detels Roger, Wu Zunyou, Yin Yueping
School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1772, USA.
AIDS. 2006 Feb 28;20(4):585-91. doi: 10.1097/01.aids.0000210613.45212.c4.
In 1995, when the first cases of HIV infection were reported among former plasma donors (FPDs), the Chinese government closed all commercial plasma collection stations.
To determine the prevalence of HIV among FPDs and non-donors in affected villages in Anhui, China.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among residents, aged 25-55 years, in 40 villages randomly selected from villages with many former blood/plasma donors, using a two-stage clustered sampling method. A questionnaire was administered face-to-face to 1997 villagers without collecting any identifying information, and venous blood specimens were collected for HIV testing with two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and western blotting. EpiData was used for data entry, and STATA was used for data analysis.
Overall HIV prevalence was 10.8%, with values of 15.1% among FPDs and 4.8% among non-donors. Among FPDs, factors associated with HIV infection included: donating plasma more than 10 times [odds ratio (OR) 4.09; P < 0.001] compared with subjects who donated 1-3 times; spouse being HIV-positive (OR, 4.06; P = 0.001); and being male (OR, 2.04; P = 0.011). Condom use was rare, and was not associated with HIV infection (OR, 1.09; P = 0.872). Among non-plasma donors, spouse being HIV-positive (OR, 11.07, P < 0.001) and having multiple sexual partners (OR, 7.04; P = 0.006) were associated with HIV infection.
The prevalence of HIV infection is high among rural residents in villages with former commercial plasma businesses. Plasma but not blood donations were associated with HIV infection. The HIV/AIDS epidemic has spread to non-donors primarily through sexual transmission. HIV/AIDS education, testing, and condoms should be promoted urgently to prevent further transmission.
1995年，当首次在前血浆捐献者（FPD）中报告HIV感染病例时，中国政府关闭了所有商业性血浆采集站。
确定中国安徽省受影响村庄中FPD和非捐献者人群中的HIV流行情况。
采用两阶段整群抽样方法，对从有许多既往血液/血浆捐献者的村庄中随机选取的40个村庄里25至55岁的居民进行横断面调查。对1997名村民进行面对面问卷调查，未收集任何身份识别信息，并采集静脉血标本，采用两种酶联免疫吸附试验和免疫印迹法进行HIV检测。使用EpiData进行数据录入，使用STATA进行数据分析。
总体HIV流行率为10.8%，FPD中为15.1%，非捐献者中为4.8%。在FPD中，与HIV感染相关的因素包括：与捐献1至3次的受试者相比，捐献血浆超过10次（比值比[OR] 4.09；P < 0.001）；配偶为HIV阳性（OR，4.06；P = 0.001）；以及男性（OR，2.04；P = 0.011）。很少使用避孕套，且与HIV感染无关（OR，1.09；P = 0.872）。在非血浆捐献者中，配偶为HIV阳性（OR，11.07，P < 0.001）和有多个性伴侣（OR，7.04；P = 0.006）与HIV感染相关。
在有既往商业性血浆业务的村庄中，农村居民的HIV感染率很高。血浆捐献而非血液捐献与HIV感染相关。HIV/AIDS疫情主要通过性传播扩散到非捐献者人群中。应紧急推广HIV/AIDS教育、检测和避孕套，以防止进一步传播。
