Tappenden Kelly A
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
Gastroenterology. 2006 Feb;130(2 Suppl 1):S93-9. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2005.11.051.
The role of enteral nutrients in maintaining small intestinal structure and function is well established. Evidence that enteral nutrients induce intestinal adaptation include the structural and functional gradient along the length of the healthy intestine, the atrophy and functional compromise induced by fasting and parenteral nutrition, and the enhanced adaptive capacity of the distal intestine following partial enterectomy. Key mechanisms contributing to enteral nutrient-induced intestinal adaptation include nonspecific luminal stimulation and that provided by specific nutrients, "functional workload" induced by polymeric nutrients, potential stimulation of pancreaticobiliary secretions, secretion of humoral mediators, and induction of intestinal hyperemia.
肠内营养物质在维持小肠结构和功能方面的作用已得到充分证实。肠内营养物质诱导肠道适应的证据包括健康肠道全长的结构和功能梯度、禁食和肠外营养引起的萎缩及功能损害，以及部分肠切除术后远端肠道增强的适应能力。促成肠内营养物质诱导肠道适应的关键机制包括非特异性管腔刺激和特定营养物质提供的刺激、聚合营养物质引起的“功能性负荷”、胰腺和胆汁分泌的潜在刺激、体液介质的分泌以及肠道充血的诱导。
