Dzieweczynski Teresa L, Eklund Amy C, Rowland William J
Department of Psychology, University of New England, Biddeford, ME 04005, USA.
Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2006 Jun;147(2):184-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2005.12.023. Epub 2006 Feb 13.
This study investigated the effects of nesting status and the presence of an audience on 11-ketotestosterone (11KT) levels in male Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendens. Prior studies have demonstrated that both nesting status, an indicator of territory-holding power and reproductive state, and the sex of a conspecific audience lead to differences in male behavior during aggressive encounters. Since behavioral changes have already been demonstrated, we chose to investigate whether 11KT levels were also influenced by nesting status and audience presence as 11KT both stimulates, and is stimulated by, reproductive and aggressive behaviors in male teleosts. Male 11KT levels were measured from water samples taken from containers holding fish both before and after interaction. Males interacted under three treatment conditions: no audience, female audience, and male audience. Within these treatments were two nest paradigms: both males had nests or neither male had a nest. 11KT levels varied depending on nesting status and audience type. In general, 11KT levels were lower in interacting males when a female audience was present or when males had nests. Overall, 11KT showed increases or decreases as aggression increased or decreased, as shown by already established behavioral findings [see Dzieweczynski T.L., Green T.M., Earley R.L., Rowland W.J., 2005. Audience effect is context dependent in Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendens. Behav. Ecol. 16, 1025-1030; Doutrelant, C., McGregor, P.K., Oliveira, R.F., 2001. Effect of an audience on intrasexual communication in male Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens). Behav. Ecol. 12, 283-286.]. Our results suggest that 11KT levels are influenced by reproductive status, as indicated by nest ownership, and audience presence and are most likely modulated by territorial behavior and social environment.
本研究调查了筑巢状态和观众的存在对雄性暹罗斗鱼（Betta splendens）体内11 - 酮睾酮（11KT）水平的影响。先前的研究表明，筑巢状态（领地占有能力和繁殖状态的一个指标）以及同种观众的性别都会导致雄性斗鱼在攻击性遭遇中的行为差异。由于行为变化已经得到证实，我们选择研究11KT水平是否也受筑巢状态和观众存在的影响，因为11KT既刺激雄性硬骨鱼的繁殖和攻击行为，同时也受到这些行为的刺激。在斗鱼互动前后，从装有斗鱼的容器中采集水样，测量雄性斗鱼的11KT水平。雄性斗鱼在三种处理条件下进行互动：无观众、雌性观众和雄性观众。在这些处理条件中，又有两种筑巢模式：两只雄性斗鱼都有巢或都没有巢。11KT水平因筑巢状态和观众类型而异。一般来说，当有雌性观众在场或雄性斗鱼有巢时，互动中的雄性斗鱼体内11KT水平较低。总体而言，正如已有的行为学研究结果所示[见Dzieweczynski T.L., Green T.M., Earley R.L., Rowland W.J., 2005年。《暹罗斗鱼（Betta splendens）的观众效应取决于情境》。《行为生态学》16卷，第1025 - 1030页；Doutrelant, C., McGregor, P.K., Oliveira, R.F., 2001年。《观众对雄性暹罗斗鱼（Betta splendens）同性间交流的影响》。《行为生态学》12卷，第283 - 286页。]，随着攻击性增强或减弱，11KT水平会升高或降低。我们的研究结果表明，11KT水平受繁殖状态（以巢的所有权为指标）和观众存在的影响，并且很可能受到领地行为和社会环境的调节。
