Finaud J, Scislowski V, Lac G, Durand D, Vidalin H, Robert A, Filaire E
Laboratoire de Biologie Interuniversitaire des Activités Physiques et Sportives, Bat Biologie B, Campus des Cézeaux, Aubière Cedex, France.
Int J Sports Med. 2006 Feb;27(2):87-93. doi: 10.1055/s-2005-837489.
Physical training is known to increase the antioxidant defence system and reduce exercise-induced oxidative stress. However, intense physical aerobic and anaerobic training and competition such as those imposed on professional rugby players, can induce an increase of oxidative stress which can be implicated with the arrival of overtraining. The aim of this study was to test the effect of training and competition load on oxidative stress, antioxidant status, haematological, and cell damage markers in high-level rugby players during a competitive season. Blood samples were collected four times in one year. Oxidative stress (Rmax), antioxidant (vitamin E, uric acid, TAC, and lag phase), haematological (neutrophils and monocytes) and biochemical (CK and myoglobin) parameters, as well as training and competition load, and competition results were measured. Intense periods of training and competition (T1 and T4) induced a significant higher maximum rate of conjugated dienes oxidation (+67.2% in T1 and +40.6% in T4) compared to those observed at the reference time (T3). Those periods also induced an increase in uric acid (+6.9% and 3.2%), and inflammatory markers such as monocytes (+13.3% and 10.7%). On the other hand, vitamin E (-8.7% in T1) and lag phase (-23.0% and -14.7%) were lower during these periods showing a possible training-induced antioxidant down-regulation. The less intense period of training (T2) was accompanied by lower neutrophils (-8.5%), CK (-53.7%), and myoglobin (-16.2%) values. The results suggest that oxidative stress and antioxidant measurement are significant in the biological follow-up of athletes.
众所周知，体育锻炼可增强抗氧化防御系统并减轻运动引起的氧化应激。然而，高强度的有氧和无氧体育训练及比赛，比如职业橄榄球运动员所承受的训练和比赛，会引发氧化应激增加，这可能与过度训练的出现有关。本研究的目的是测试在一个赛季中，训练和比赛负荷对高水平橄榄球运动员氧化应激、抗氧化状态、血液学指标及细胞损伤标志物的影响。一年内采集了四次血样。测量了氧化应激指标（Rmax）、抗氧化指标（维生素E、尿酸、总抗氧化能力和迟滞期）、血液学指标（中性粒细胞和单核细胞）、生化指标（肌酸激酶和肌红蛋白），以及训练和比赛负荷及比赛成绩。与参考时间（T3）相比，高强度的训练和比赛阶段（T1和T4）导致共轭二烯氧化的最大速率显著更高（T1时增加67.2%，T4时增加40.6%）。这些阶段还导致尿酸增加（分别增加6.9%和3.2%），以及单核细胞等炎症标志物增加（分别增加13.3%和10.7%）。另一方面，这些阶段维生素E含量降低（T1时降低8.7%），迟滞期缩短（分别缩短23.0%和14.7%），表明可能存在训练诱导的抗氧化下调。训练强度较低的阶段（T2）伴随着中性粒细胞值降低（降低8.5%）、肌酸激酶降低（降低53.7%）和肌红蛋白降低（降低16.2%）。结果表明，氧化应激和抗氧化指标的测量在运动员的生物学跟踪中具有重要意义。
