Weatherly Jeffrey N, Arthur Emily I L, Nurnberger Jeri T
Department of Psychology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks 58202-8380, USA.
J Gen Psychol. 2006 Jan;133(1):97-111. doi: 10.3200/GENP.133.1.97-111.
Researchers have demonstrated that rats reliably increase their rates of pressing a lever for 1% liquid-sucrose reinforcement if they will soon have the opportunity to press a lever for food-pellet reinforcement. In the present experiments, the authors investigated if this increase in response rates occurred because the upcoming food pellets produced an increase in all behaviors (i.e., general arousal) or an increase in only the specific operant response (i.e., lever pressing). The results of Experiments 1 and 2 showed that the appearance of induction in rats' lever pressing for 1% sucrose reinforcement when food-pellet reinforcement was upcoming did not coincide with increases in the frequency of running in a wheel or making a nonreinforced nose-poke response. On the other hand, in Experiment 3, the authors found the appearance of induction coincided with increase nonreinforced lever presses on an adjacent lever. These results shed doubt on the idea that induction is a result of a general increase in all activity, and suggest instead that the increase in responding that occurs during induction is limited to the operant response.
研究人员已经证明，如果大鼠很快有机会按压杠杆以获得食物颗粒强化，它们会可靠地提高按压杠杆以获得1%液体蔗糖强化的速率。在当前的实验中，作者研究了反应速率的这种增加是否是因为即将到来的食物颗粒导致所有行为（即一般唤醒）增加，还是仅导致特定操作反应（即杠杆按压）增加。实验1和2的结果表明，当即将出现食物颗粒强化时，大鼠按压杠杆以获得1%蔗糖强化的诱导现象出现，这与在轮子中奔跑或做出未强化的鼻戳反应的频率增加并不一致。另一方面，在实验3中，作者发现诱导现象的出现与在相邻杠杆上未强化的杠杆按压增加相吻合。这些结果对诱导是所有活动普遍增加的结果这一观点提出了质疑，相反，表明诱导期间发生的反应增加仅限于操作反应。
