Capone Nina C, McGregor Karla K
Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2005 Dec;48(6):1468-80. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2005/102).
This study tested the hypothesis that depth of semantic representation influences toddlers' word retrieval.
Nineteen toddlers participated under 3 word learning conditions in this longitudinal study. Gestures cued attention to object shape (SHP) or function (FNC) in the experimental conditions. No semantic cue was provided under a control condition (CTL). Word learning conditions occurred on each of 3 days. On the 4th day, word retrieval was assessed across 3 levels of scaffolding (uncued picture naming, cued picture naming, picture recognition). Evidence of semantic representation was provided at fast and slow mapping intervals.
Less scaffolding was necessary for word retrieval (uncued and cued naming) under experimental conditions than under the CTL condition. However, more SHP than FNC condition targets were retrieved for uncued picture naming. This latter difference may be related to the superior fast mapping of targets under the SHP condition. Toddlers stated object functions (slow mapping) comparably in the experimental conditions, but this was superior to CTL condition performance.
Word retrieval is a continuous behavior that is positively influenced by semantic representation. Semantic knowledge of objects can be enriched by shape or function gestures, thereby improving toddlers' object word productions. Shape cues appear to be more effective for this purpose.
本研究检验语义表征深度影响幼儿单词提取的假设。
19名幼儿参与了这项纵向研究中的3种单词学习条件。在实验条件下，手势提示对物体形状（SHP）或功能（FNC）的关注。在控制条件（CTL）下不提供语义线索。单词学习条件在3天中的每一天进行。在第4天，通过3个支架水平（无提示图片命名、有提示图片命名、图片识别）评估单词提取。在快速和慢速映射间隔提供语义表征的证据。
与CTL条件相比，实验条件下单词提取（无提示和有提示命名）所需的支架更少。然而，在无提示图片命名中，SHP条件下比FNC条件下提取的目标更多。后一种差异可能与SHP条件下目标的快速映射优势有关。在实验条件下，幼儿说出物体功能（慢速映射）的情况相当，但这优于CTL条件下的表现。
单词提取是一种受语义表征积极影响的连续行为。物体的语义知识可以通过形状或功能手势得到丰富，从而改善幼儿的物体单词生成。形状线索似乎在这方面更有效。
