Sauer Mark V, Kavic Suzanne M
Centre for Women's Reproductive Care at Columbia University, 1790 Broadway, 2nd Floor, New York, NY 10019, USA.
Reprod Biomed Online. 2006 Feb;12(2):153-62. doi: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60855-3.
For over 21 years, oocyte and embryo donation have been used to treat infertility caused by a variety of conditions affecting the ovary. Many disorders, including premature ovarian failure, advanced reproductive age, unexplained recurrent implantation failure and inherited conditions, are amenable to gamete donation, with high pregnancy rates and good obstetrical outcomes observed in recipients. Protocols for the medical screening of recipients and donors, as well as infectious disease and genetic testing, have become relatively uniform and well accepted. Established guidelines allow synchronization of the menstrual cycles of both women to ensure that embryos are transferred to a receptive endometrium. The high demand for donor services has led to escalating costs and long waiting lists. American programmes bid against each other to secure the participation of young women often motivated as much by financial reward as altruism. In the United States, where the majority of oocyte donation is practised, more than 100,000 treatment cycles have occurred. However, to date no meaningful longitudinal studies detailing the long term effects of treatment on donors, recipients, children born, or families created have been published. Throughout its history, oocyte and embryo donation has proven to be both efficacious and clinically innovative, yet remains highly controversial.
21 多年来，卵母细胞和胚胎捐赠一直被用于治疗由多种影响卵巢的疾病引起的不孕症。许多疾病，包括卵巢早衰、高龄生育、不明原因的反复植入失败和遗传疾病，都适合进行配子捐赠，接受者的妊娠率高且产科结局良好。接受者和捐赠者的医学筛查方案以及传染病和基因检测已经相对统一并被广泛接受。既定的指导方针允许使两位女性的月经周期同步，以确保胚胎被移植到处于接受状态的子宫内膜。对捐赠服务的高需求导致成本不断上升和等待名单冗长。美国的项目相互竞争，以确保年轻女性的参与，这些女性往往受经济回报和利他主义的双重激励。在美国，大多数卵母细胞捐赠都在此进行，已经发生了超过 10 万个治疗周期。然而，迄今为止，尚未发表有意义的纵向研究，详细说明治疗对捐赠者、接受者、所生孩子或组建家庭的长期影响。在其整个历史中，卵母细胞和胚胎捐赠已被证明既有效又具有临床创新性，但仍然极具争议性。
