Mercuri A M, Duggin J A, Daniel H, Lockwood P V, Grant C D
Ecosystem Management and Agronomy and Soil Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.
Environ Manage. 2006 Apr;37(4):496-512. doi: 10.1007/s00267-004-0245-0.
Commercial forestry plantations as a postmining land use in the Upper Hunter Valley of New South Wales, Australia are restricted by both the poor nutrient availability of mining substrates and low regional rainfall. An experiment was conducted to investigate whether municipal waste products and saline groundwater from coal mining operations could improve early tree growth without impacting on the environment through salt accumulation and/or nutrient enrichment and changes in groundwater quality. Potential impacts were investigated by quantifying the nutrient cycling dynamics within the plantation using an input-output mass balance approach for exchangeable calcium (Ca(2+)), exchangeable magnesium (Mg(2+)), exchangeable potassium (K(+)), exchangeable sodium (Na(+)), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P). Measured inputs to and outputs from the available nutrient pool in the 0-30 cm of the overburden subsystem were used to estimate the net effect of unmeasured inputs and outputs (termed "residuals"). Residual values in the mass balance of the irrigated treatments demonstrated large leaching losses of exchangeable Ca, Mg, K, and Na. Between 96% and 103% of Na applied in saline mine-water irrigation was leached below the 0-30-cm soil profile zone. The fate of these salts beyond 30 cm is unknown, but results suggest that irrigation with saline mine water had minimal impact on the substrate to 30 cm over the first 2 years since plantation establishment. Accumulations of N and P were detected for the substrate amendments, suggesting that organic amendments (particularly compost) retained the applied nutrients with very little associated losses, particularly through leaching.
在澳大利亚新南威尔士州上亨特谷，商业人工林作为一种采矿后土地利用方式，受到采矿基质养分有效性差和区域降雨量低的限制。开展了一项实验，以研究城市垃圾产品和煤矿开采作业产生的含盐地下水能否促进树木早期生长，同时又不会因盐分积累、养分富集和地下水水质变化而对环境造成影响。通过使用输入-输出质量平衡方法，对人工林内可交换钙（Ca(2+)）、可交换镁（Mg(2+)）、可交换钾（K(+)）、可交换钠（Na(+)）、氮（N）和磷（P）的养分循环动态进行量化，来研究潜在影响。利用覆盖层子系统0至30厘米深度内可用养分库的实测输入量和输出量，估算未测输入量和输出量（称为“残差”）的净效应。灌溉处理质量平衡中的残差值表明，可交换钙、镁、钾和钠有大量淋失。在含盐矿井水灌溉中施用的钠，96%至103%被淋失到0至30厘米土壤剖面以下区域。这些盐分在30厘米以下的去向尚不清楚，但结果表明，自人工林建立后的头两年，用含盐矿井水灌溉对30厘米深度以内的基质影响极小。在基质改良处理中检测到了氮和磷的积累，这表明有机改良剂（特别是堆肥）能保留施用的养分，相关损失极少，尤其是通过淋失造成的损失。
