Michaud M-H, Pelletier E
Institut des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Que., Canada G5L 3A1.
Chemosphere. 2006 Aug;64(7):1074-82. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.12.002. Epub 2006 Feb 20.
Butyltins (BTs) were determined in sediment, zooplankton, benthic fish and invertebrates in the St. Lawrence Estuary and its mixing zone with the Gulf of St. Lawrence (Canada) in an attempt to assess sources and fate of these compounds in a large ecosystem before the enforcement of the world-wide ban of TBT-based antifouling paints. All BTs (MBT, DBT and TBT) were found along the studied area (450 km) where the traffic of large vessels occurs around the year. Concentrations of total butyltins (BTs) in surface sediment were below 6 ng Sn g(-1) d.w. Total BTs concentrations found in zooplankton samples at the mouth of the Saguenay Fjord were the highest (793 ng Sn g(-1) d.w.), indicating the influence of the Fjord on the St. Lawrence contamination. Although a relatively low contamination level was measured in sediment, total BTs concentrations ranged from 9 to 489 ng Sn g(-1) d.w. for benthic organisms. Biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs), calculated on the basis of the organic carbon content in the sediment (concentrations normalized to 1% Corg), ranged from 0.9 to 98.3, and are an indicator of an important source of BTs from the Saguenay Fjord particulate matter. This may be explained by the fact that when TBT is released in a large and deep well stratified coastal environment, it could bind to the suspended particulate matter and then be taken in charge by water column organisms and may be mostly metabolised before it reaches bottom sediment. Sediment is not considered as the main contributor to the contamination of fish and invertebrates. It is expected that any reduction of direct inputs of TBT from ship hulls in a near future should result in a rapid reduction of butyltins in the St. Lawrence ecosystem.
在圣劳伦斯河口及其与圣劳伦斯湾（加拿大）的混合区域的沉积物、浮游动物、底栖鱼类和无脊椎动物中测定了丁基锡（BTs），旨在评估在全球禁止使用含三丁基锡（TBT）的防污涂料之前，这些化合物在一个大型生态系统中的来源和归宿。在所研究的长达450公里、全年都有大型船只通行的区域内均发现了所有的丁基锡（一丁基锡、二丁基锡和三丁基锡）。表层沉积物中总丁基锡（BTs）的浓度低于6纳克锡/克干重。在萨格奈峡湾河口的浮游动物样本中发现的总丁基锡浓度最高（793纳克锡/克干重），表明该峡湾对圣劳伦斯污染的影响。尽管沉积物中的污染水平相对较低，但底栖生物的总丁基锡浓度范围为9至489纳克锡/克干重。根据沉积物中的有机碳含量（浓度归一化为1%有机碳）计算得出的生物-沉积物积累因子（BSAFs）范围为0.9至98.3，这表明萨格奈峡湾颗粒物是丁基锡的一个重要来源。这可能是因为当三丁基锡在一个大型且深度分层的沿海环境中释放时，它可能会与悬浮颗粒物结合，然后被水柱中的生物摄取，并且在到达底部沉积物之前可能大部分已被代谢。沉积物并非鱼类和无脊椎动物污染的主要贡献者。预计在不久的将来，船体直接输入的三丁基锡的任何减少都将导致圣劳伦斯生态系统中丁基锡的迅速减少。
