Harino Hiroya, Arai Takaomi, Ohji Madoka, Ismail Ahmad Bin, Miyazaki Nobuyuki
Osaka City Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, Osaka, Japan.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2009 Apr;56(3):468-78. doi: 10.1007/s00244-008-9252-0. Epub 2008 Nov 1.
The concentrations of butyltins (BTs) in sediment from Peninsular Malaysia along the Strait of Malacca and their spatial distribution are discussed. The concentrations of BTs were high in the southern part of Peninsular Malaysia where there is a lot of ship traffic, because trade is prosperous. The concentrations of monobutyltin (MBT), dibutyltin (DBT), and tributyltin (TBT) in sediment from the coastal waters of Peninsular Malaysia were in the range 4.1-242 microg/kg dry weight (dw), 1.1-186 microg/kg dw, and 0.7-228 microg/kg dw, respectively. A higher percentage of TBT was observed in the area where TBT concentrations were high. The concentrations of monophenyltin (MPT), diphenyltin (DPT), and triphenyltin (TPT) were in the range <0.1-121 microg/kg dw, 0.4-27 microg/kg dw, and 0.1-34 microg/kg dw in sediment from Peninsular Malaysia, respectively. MPT was the dominant phenyltin species. MBT, DBT, and TBT in green mussel (Perna viridis) samples were detected in the range 41-102 microg/kg, 3-5 microg/kg, and 8-32 microg/kg, respectively. A tolerable average residue level (TARL) was estimated at 20.4 microg/kg from a tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 0.25 microg TBTO/kg body weight/day. The maximum value of TBT detected in green mussel samples was the value near the TARL. TPTs were not detected in green mussel samples. The concentrations of Diuron and Irgarol 1051 in sediment from Peninsular Malaysia were in the range <0.1-5 microg/kg dw and <0.1-14 microg/kg dw, respectively. High concentrations of these compounds were observed in locations where the concentrations of TBT were high. Sea Nine 211, Dichlofluanid, and Pyrithiones were not detected in sediment. The concentrations of antifouling biocides in Melaka and the Strait of Johor were investigated in detail. BTs were found in similar concentrations among all sampling sites from Melaka, indicating that BT contamination spread off the coast. However, Sea Nine 211, Diuron, and Irgarol 1051 in the sediment from Melaka were high at the mouth of the river. BT concentrations at the Strait of Johor were higher than those in Peninsular Malaysia and Melaka and were high at the narrowest locations with poor flushing of water. The concentrations of antifouling biocides were compared among Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam. A higher concentration and wide variations of TBT and TPT in sediment from Malaysia were observed among these countries. The Irgarol 1051 concentrations in sediment from Malaysia were higher than those in Thailand and Vietnam.
讨论了马来西亚半岛沿马六甲海峡沉积物中丁基锡（BTs）的浓度及其空间分布。在马来西亚半岛南部船舶交通繁忙的地区，由于贸易繁荣，BTs的浓度较高。马来西亚半岛沿海水域沉积物中一丁基锡（MBT）、二丁基锡（DBT）和三丁基锡（TBT）的浓度分别在4.1 - 242微克/千克干重（dw）、1.1 - 186微克/千克dw和0.7 - 228微克/千克dw范围内。在TBT浓度较高的区域观察到较高比例的TBT。马来西亚半岛沉积物中一苯基锡（MPT）、二苯基锡（DPT）和三苯基锡（TPT）的浓度分别在<0.1 - 121微克/千克dw、0.4 - 27微克/千克dw和0.1 - 34微克/千克dw范围内。MPT是主要的苯基锡物种。绿贻贝（Perna viridis）样本中MBT、DBT和TBT的检测浓度分别在41 - 102微克/千克、3 - 5微克/千克和8 - 32微克/千克范围内。根据0.25微克三丁基氧化锡/千克体重/天的可耐受每日摄入量（TDI），估计可耐受平均残留水平（TARL）为20.4微克/千克。绿贻贝样本中检测到的TBT最大值接近TARL值。绿贻贝样本中未检测到TPTs。马来西亚半岛沉积物中敌草隆和藻菌清1051的浓度分别在<0.1 - 5微克/千克dw和<0.1 - 14微克/千克dw范围内。在TBT浓度较高的地点观察到这些化合物的高浓度。沉积物中未检测到Sea Nine 211、二氯氟苯胺和巯氧吡啶。详细研究了马六甲和柔佛海峡防污生物剂的浓度。在马六甲所有采样点中发现BTs的浓度相似，表明BT污染已扩散到海岸外。然而，马六甲河口沉积物中的Sea Nine 211、敌草隆和藻菌清1051含量较高。柔佛海峡的BT浓度高于马来西亚半岛和马六甲，在水流冲刷较差的最窄位置浓度较高。比较了马来西亚、泰国和越南防污生物剂的浓度。在这些国家中，观察到马来西亚沉积物中TBT和TPT的浓度较高且变化较大。马来西亚沉积物中藻菌清1051的浓度高于泰国和越南。
