Pedreira J, Paz-Silva A, Sánchez-Andrade R, Suárez J L, Arias M, Lomba C, Díaz P, López C, Díez-Baños P, Morrondo P
Departamento de Patología Animal, Epidemiología, Parasitología y Enfermedades parasitarias, y Zoonosis, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002-Lugo, Spain.
Prev Vet Med. 2006 Jul 17;75(1-2):56-62. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2006.01.011. Epub 2006 Feb 20.
A coprological survey to know the presence of gastro-intestinal nematode parasites infecting sheep was done in Galicia (NW Spain), an area with Atlantic climate where sheep production is replacing cattle due to the Agricultural Community Politics of the European Union. From September 2001 to November 2002, 1710 faecal samples were randomly collected from 49 sheep farms and examined by using the flotation technique to determine the prevalence of gastro-intestinal nematode parasites. The sheep-level prevalence was 100%, and the genera identified were Chabertia, Cooperia, Haemonchus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Teladorsagia, Trichostrongylus and Trichuris spp. A questionnaire was distributed to the farmers (at the same time as sampling) about parasite-control practices during the year before sampling (2000). Ninety percent (95% CI 81%, 98%) of the farmers said they used antiparasitic drugs occasionally, but none of them asked for a coprological analysis prior to the treatment and the efficacy of the drugs was never evaluated. A higher median EPG was observed in the treated sheep (163) than in the untreated ones (26). Chemotherapy was the only parasite-control practice. Flocks that treated according to the farmer's previous experience had higher median EPG (236) than other flocks (185 following the prescription of their veterinary clinician and 232 based on the commercial agent's counsel). Typically, one benzimidazole-treatment per year was applied in autumn and non-veterinary counsel was used. Sheep treated with imidotiazoles had lower EPG (144) than other drugs (164 for the benzimidazoles and 166 for the macrocyclic lactones). We found a higher median EPG in the sheep receiving two treatments/year (175) than in those treated only once per year (156). These results suggest lack of knowledge about worm-control strategies and anthelmintic use or unwillingness to apply such knowledge.
在西班牙西北部的加利西亚地区开展了一项粪便学调查，以了解感染绵羊的胃肠线虫寄生虫情况。该地区属于大西洋气候，由于欧盟农业共同体政策，绵羊养殖正在取代养牛业。2001年9月至2002年11月，从49个养羊场随机采集了1710份粪便样本，并采用浮选技术进行检测，以确定胃肠线虫寄生虫的感染率。绵羊层面的感染率为100%，鉴定出的属包括夏伯特属、古柏属、血矛线虫属、细颈线虫属、食道口线虫属、毛圆线虫属、毛首线虫属和鞭虫属。在采样时（2000年），向养殖户发放了一份关于采样前一年寄生虫控制措施的问卷。90%（95%置信区间81%，98%）的养殖户表示他们偶尔使用抗寄生虫药物，但在治疗前均未进行粪便学分析，也从未评估过药物疗效。经治疗的绵羊粪便中每克粪便虫卵数（EPG）中位数（163）高于未治疗的绵羊（26）。化学疗法是唯一的寄生虫控制措施。根据养殖户以往经验进行治疗的羊群EPG中位数（236）高于其他羊群（按照兽医临床建议治疗的为185，根据商业代理商建议治疗的为232）。通常每年秋季进行一次苯并咪唑治疗，且未采用兽医建议。用咪唑噻唑治疗的绵羊EPG较低（144），低于其他药物治疗的绵羊（苯并咪唑治疗的为164，大环内酯类药物治疗的为166）。我们发现每年接受两次治疗的绵羊EPG中位数（175）高于每年仅接受一次治疗的绵羊（156）。这些结果表明养殖户缺乏蠕虫控制策略和驱虫药使用方面的知识，或者不愿意应用这些知识。
