Li Mu, Eastman Creswell J, Waite Kay V, Ma Gary, Zacharin Margaret R, Topliss Duncan J, Harding Philip E, Walsh John P, Ward Lynley C, Mortimer Robin H, Mackenzie Emily J, Byth Karen, Doyle Zelda
School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Edward Ford Building (A27), Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
Med J Aust. 2006 Feb 20;184(4):165-9. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2008.tb01831.x.
To document the population iodine nutritional status in Australian schoolchildren.
Cross-sectional survey of schoolchildren aged 8-10 years, based on a one-stage random cluster sample drawn from all Year 4 school classes in government and non-government schools in the five mainland Australian states of New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Western Australia and Queensland. The study was conducted between July 2003 and December 2004.
1709 students from 88 schools (881 boys and 828 girls), representing 85% of the estimated target number of students. The class participation rate was 65%.
(i) Urinary iodine excretion (UIE) levels (compared with the criteria for the severity of iodine deficiency of the World Health Organization/International Council for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders: iodine replete, UIE > or = 100 microg/L; mild iodine deficiency, UIE 50-99 microg/L; moderate iodine deficiency, UIE 20-49 microg/L; severe iodine deficiency, UIE < 20 microg/L); (ii) Thyroid volumes measured by ultrasound (compared with new international reference values).
Overall, children in mainland Australia are borderline iodine deficient, with a national median UIE of 104 microg/L. On a state basis, NSW and Victorian children are mildly iodine deficient, with median UIE levels of 89 microg/L and 73.5 microg/L, respectively. South Australian children are borderline iodine deficient, with a median UIE of 101 microg/L. Both Queensland and Western Australian children are iodine sufficient, with median UIE levels of 136.5 microg/L and 142.5 microg/L, respectively. Thyroid volumes in Australian schoolchildren are marginally increased compared with international normative data obtained from children living in iodine sufficient countries. There was no significant association between UIE and thyroid volume.
Our results confirm the existence of inadequate iodine intake in the Australian population, and we call for the urgent implementation of mandatory iodisation of all edible salt in Australia.
记录澳大利亚学童的人群碘营养状况。
对8至10岁学童进行横断面调查，基于从澳大利亚大陆新南威尔士州、维多利亚州、南澳大利亚州、西澳大利亚州和昆士兰州的政府和非政府学校的所有四年级班级中抽取的单阶段随机整群样本。该研究于2003年7月至2004年12月进行。
来自88所学校的1709名学生（881名男生和828名女生），占估计目标学生人数的85%。班级参与率为65%。
（i）尿碘排泄（UIE）水平（与世界卫生组织/国际碘缺乏病控制理事会的碘缺乏严重程度标准比较：碘充足，UIE≥100μg/L；轻度碘缺乏，UIE 50 - 99μg/L；中度碘缺乏，UIE 20 - 49μg/L；重度碘缺乏，UIE < 20μg/L）；（ii）通过超声测量的甲状腺体积（与新的国际参考值比较）。
总体而言，澳大利亚大陆的儿童处于碘缺乏边缘，全国UIE中位数为104μg/L。按州来看，新南威尔士州和维多利亚州的儿童轻度碘缺乏，UIE中位数分别为89μg/L和73.5μg/L。南澳大利亚州的儿童处于碘缺乏边缘，UIE中位数为101μg/L。昆士兰州和西澳大利亚州的儿童碘充足，UIE中位数分别为136.5μg/L和142.5μg/L。与生活在碘充足国家的儿童获得的国际规范数据相比，澳大利亚学童的甲状腺体积略有增加。UIE与甲状腺体积之间无显著关联。
我们的结果证实澳大利亚人群存在碘摄入不足的情况，我们呼吁在澳大利亚紧急实施所有食用盐的强制碘化。
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