Rotbart H A
Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver 80262.
Clin Microbiol Rev. 1991 Apr;4(2):156-68. doi: 10.1128/CMR.4.2.156.
The enteroviruses comprise nearly 70 human pathogens responsible for a wide array of diseases including poliomyelitis, meningitis, myocarditis, and neonatal sepsis. Current diagnostic tests for the enteroviruses are limited in their use by the slow growth, or failure to grow, of certain serotypes in culture, the antigenic diversity among the serotypes, and the low titer of virus in certain clinical specimens. Within the past 6 years, applications of molecular cloning techniques, in vitro transcription vectors, automated nucleic acid synthesis, and the polymerase chain reaction have resulted in significant progress toward nucleic acid-based detection systems for the enteroviruses that take advantage of conserved genomic sequences across many, if not all, serotypes. Similar approaches to the study of enteroviral pathogenesis have already produced dramatic advances in our understanding of how these important viruses cause their diverse clinical spectra.
肠道病毒包含近70种人类病原体，可引发多种疾病，包括小儿麻痹症、脑膜炎、心肌炎和新生儿败血症。目前用于检测肠道病毒的诊断测试存在局限性，原因在于某些血清型在培养中生长缓慢或无法生长、血清型之间的抗原多样性以及某些临床标本中病毒滴度较低。在过去6年里，分子克隆技术、体外转录载体、自动化核酸合成以及聚合酶链反应的应用，使得基于核酸的肠道病毒检测系统取得了重大进展，该系统利用了许多（即便不是全部）血清型中保守的基因组序列。研究肠道病毒发病机制的类似方法，已经在我们对这些重要病毒如何引发其多样临床症状的理解上取得了显著进展。
