Cole Barry L
Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
Clin Exp Optom. 2007 May;90(3):157-75. doi: 10.1111/j.1444-0938.2007.00135.x.
Colour vision deficiency (CVD) has a high prevalence and is often a handicap in everyday life. Those who have CVD will be better able to adapt and make more informed career choices, if they know about their deficiency. The fact that from 20 to 30 per cent of adults with abnormal colour vision do not know they have CVD suggests that colour vision is not tested as often as it should be. This may be because of practitioner uncertainty about which tests to use, how to interpret them and the advice that should be given to patients on the basis of the results. The purpose of this paper is to recommend tests for primary care assessment of colour vision and provide guidance on the advice that can be given to patients with CVD.
The literature on colour vision tests and the relationship between the results of the tests and performance at practical colour tasks was reviewed.
The colour vision tests that are most suitable for primary care clinical practice are the Ishihara test, the Richmond HRR 4th edition 2002 test, the Medmont C-100 test and the Farnsworth D15 test. These tests are quick to administer, give clear results and are easy to interpret. Tables are provided summarising how these tests should be interpreted, the advice that can be given to CVD patients on basis of the test results, and the occupations in which CVD is a handicap.
Optometrists should test the colour vision of all new patients with the Ishihara and Richmond HRR (2002) tests. Those shown to have CVD should be assessed with the Medmont C-100 test and the Farnsworth D15 test and given appropriate advice based on the test results.
色觉缺陷（CVD）患病率很高，且在日常生活中常常造成不便。患有CVD的人如果了解自己的缺陷，将能更好地适应并做出更明智的职业选择。事实上，20%至30%的色觉异常成年人并不知道自己患有CVD，这表明色觉测试的频率未达到应有的水平。这可能是因为从业者对于使用哪些测试、如何解读测试结果以及应根据结果向患者提供何种建议存在不确定性。本文旨在推荐用于初级保健中色觉评估的测试，并为患有CVD的患者提供相关建议指导。
回顾了有关色觉测试以及测试结果与实际颜色任务表现之间关系的文献。
最适合初级保健临床实践的色觉测试有石原氏测试、2002年版里士满HRR第4版测试、Medmont C - 100测试和 Farnsworth D15测试。这些测试实施快速，结果清晰，易于解读。文中提供了表格，总结了这些测试应如何解读、根据测试结果可向CVD患者提供的建议以及CVD会造成不便的职业。
验光师应对所有新患者使用石原氏测试和里士满HRR（2002）测试来检测色觉。那些被证明患有CVD的患者应使用Medmont C - 100测试和 Farnsworth D15测试进行评估，并根据测试结果给予适当建议。
