Finlay B Brett, McFadden Grant
Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. V6T 1Z4 Canada.
Cell. 2006 Feb 24;124(4):767-82. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2006.01.034.
Multicellular organisms possess very sophisticated defense mechanisms that are designed to effectively counter the continual microbial insult of the environment within the vertebrate host. However, successful microbial pathogens have in turn evolved complex and efficient methods to overcome innate and adaptive immune mechanisms, which can result in disease or chronic infections. Although the various virulence strategies used by viral and bacterial pathogens are numerous, there are several general mechanisms that are used to subvert and exploit immune systems that are shared between these diverse microbial pathogens. The success of each pathogen is directly dependant on its ability to mount an effective anti-immune response within the infected host, which can ultimately result in acute disease, chronic infection, or pathogen clearance. In this review, we highlight and compare some of the many molecular mechanisms that bacterial and viral pathogens use to evade host immune defenses.
多细胞生物拥有非常复杂的防御机制，旨在有效应对脊椎动物宿主体内环境中持续存在的微生物侵害。然而，成功的微生物病原体反过来也进化出了复杂而有效的方法来克服先天和适应性免疫机制，这可能导致疾病或慢性感染。尽管病毒和细菌病原体使用的各种毒力策略众多，但有几种通用机制被这些不同的微生物病原体用来颠覆和利用免疫系统。每种病原体的成功直接取决于其在受感染宿主体内产生有效抗免疫反应的能力，这最终可能导致急性疾病、慢性感染或病原体清除。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍并比较细菌和病毒病原体用于逃避宿主免疫防御的众多分子机制中的一些。
