Nedunchezhian Aagash, Rajavel Archana, Rajendran Ramya Lakshmi, Gangadaran Prakash, Natesan Sella Raja
Membrane-Protein Interaction Lab, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India.
Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
Pathobiology. 2025 Jun 11:1-16. doi: 10.1159/000546926.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is an autoimmune disease marked by the destruction of pancreatic β cells, necessitating lifelong management. Current therapies, such as insulin injections and pancreas transplants, are effective but impose significant burdens, driving the need for innovative solutions. Among these, the bioartificial pancreas (BAP) stands out as a promising approach. By integrating living insulin-producing cells with synthetic matrices, BAP technology aims to replicate natural pancreatic function, offering the potential for more physiologically relevant and patient-friendly treatment.
This review highlights recent advancements in BAP technology, emphasizing innovations in design, materials, and encapsulation techniques that enhance cell viability and function. Key developments include the use of biocompatible materials for cell encapsulation, continuous glucose monitoring systems, and closed-loop control algorithms, which collectively enable real-time glucose regulation. These breakthroughs address critical challenges such as immune rejection and suboptimal device performance, paving the way for clinical translation.
BAP technology represents a paradigm shift in T1D treatment, with the potential to alleviate the daily burdens of insulin management. However, challenges remain, including improving device longevity, bolstering immune protection, and reducing production costs to ensure broader accessibility. Future advancements may emerge from integrating BAP systems with cell-protective therapies, further enhancing their efficacy. While hurdles persist, the BAP signifies a transformative step toward simplifying diabetes management and improving the quality of life for millions worldwide.
1型糖尿病（T1D）是一种自身免疫性疾病，其特征是胰腺β细胞被破坏，需要终身管理。目前的治疗方法，如胰岛素注射和胰腺移植，虽然有效，但带来了巨大负担，因此需要创新解决方案。其中，生物人工胰腺（BAP）作为一种有前景的方法脱颖而出。通过将产生胰岛素的活细胞与合成基质整合，BAP技术旨在复制天然胰腺功能，为更符合生理需求且对患者更友好的治疗提供了潜力。
本综述重点介绍了BAP技术的最新进展，强调了在设计、材料和封装技术方面的创新，这些创新提高了细胞活力和功能。关键进展包括使用生物相容性材料进行细胞封装、连续血糖监测系统和闭环控制算法，这些共同实现了实时血糖调节。这些突破解决了诸如免疫排斥和设备性能欠佳等关键挑战，为临床转化铺平了道路。
BAP技术代表了T1D治疗的范式转变，有可能减轻胰岛素管理的日常负担。然而，挑战依然存在，包括提高设备寿命、加强免疫保护以及降低生产成本以确保更广泛的可及性。未来的进展可能来自于将BAP系统与细胞保护疗法相结合，进一步提高其疗效。虽然障碍仍然存在，但BAP标志着朝着简化糖尿病管理和改善全球数百万人生活质量迈出的变革性一步。
