Smith Huw V, Cacciò Simone M, Tait Andy, McLauchlin Jim, Thompson R C Andrew
Scottish Parasite Diagnostic Laboratory, Stobhill Hospital, Glasgow, UK, G21 3UW.
Trends Parasitol. 2006 Apr;22(4):160-7. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2006.02.009. Epub 2006 Feb 28.
Cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis are major public health concerns. The role of water and food in the epidemiology of these diseases is now well recognized. Molecular techniques are available to determine the species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia and to distinguish human from non-human pathogens. Validated methods to determine the species, genotype and subgenotype that are present in heterologous mixtures should be applied to environmental samples to enable the monitoring and characterization of infection sources, disease tracking and the establishment of causative links to both waterborne and foodborne outbreaks. Meaningful interpretation of population structures and occurrence-prevalence baselines can be performed only by analysing a well-planned set of samples from all possible sources taken regularly over time, rather than focusing on outbreak investigations. For food, this includes such analyses in the country of origin.
隐孢子虫病和贾第虫病是重大的公共卫生问题。水和食物在这些疾病流行病学中的作用现已得到充分认识。分子技术可用于确定隐孢子虫和贾第虫的种类和基因型，并区分人类病原体和非人类病原体。应将经过验证的用于确定异源混合物中存在的种类、基因型和亚型的方法应用于环境样本，以便对感染源进行监测和特征描述、疾病追踪以及建立与水源性和食源性暴发的因果联系。只有通过分析随时间定期从所有可能来源采集的精心规划的样本集，而不是专注于暴发调查，才能对种群结构和发生-流行基线进行有意义的解释。对于食品，这包括在原产国进行此类分析。
