Paul Ayesa, Harrington Laura C, Scott Jeffrey G
Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
J Med Entomol. 2006 Jan;43(1):55-60. doi: 10.1603/0022-2585(2006)043[0055:EONIFC]2.0.CO;2.
Insecticides are one of the major tools for controlling vector populations and for reducing the transmission of human pathogens. However, there are few new insecticides being developed and marketed for vector control. Herein, we report on the toxicity of six novel insecticides to both adult and larval Aedes aegypti (L). and the toxicity of three novel insect growth regulators (IGRs) to larvae. Four insecticides were highly or moderately toxic to larvae with LC50 values of 16 (chlorfenapyr), 70 (hydramethylnon), 79 (indoxacarb), and 84 ng/ml (imidacloprid). Diafenthiuron and chlorfenapyr were moderately toxic to adult mosquitoes with LC50 values of 13 and 92 ng/cm2, respectively. Imidacloprid was strongly synergized by piperonyl butoxide (PBO) in Ae. aegypti adults, suggesting that neonicotinoids are intrinsically very toxic to adult mosquitoes (in the absence of detoxification). The effect of PBO on the toxicity in adults and larvae was considerably different, both in terms of the insecticides that were synergized (or antagonized for chlorfenapyr versus adults) and in terms of the degree of synergism. This result implies that the cytochrome P450s involved in metabolism of these insecticides are different between adults and larvae. Pyriproxyfen was confirmed as a potent IGR (EC50 of 0.0017 ng/ml) for mosquitoes, although tebufenozide lacked activity. The potential for use of these materials in mosquito control is discussed.
杀虫剂是控制病媒种群和减少人类病原体传播的主要工具之一。然而，目前用于病媒控制的新型杀虫剂研发和上市的数量很少。在此，我们报告了六种新型杀虫剂对埃及伊蚊成虫和幼虫的毒性，以及三种新型昆虫生长调节剂（IGRs）对幼虫的毒性。四种杀虫剂对幼虫具有高毒或中毒性，其LC50值分别为16（虫螨腈）、70（烯虫酮）、79（茚虫威）和84 ng/ml（吡虫啉）。丁醚脲和虫螨腈对成年蚊子具有中毒性，LC50值分别为13和92 ng/cm2。在埃及伊蚊成虫中，胡椒基丁醚（PBO）对吡虫啉有很强的增效作用，这表明新烟碱类对成年蚊子本身毒性很高（在没有解毒作用的情况下）。PBO对成虫和幼虫毒性的影响在增效的杀虫剂（或虫螨腈对成虫的拮抗作用）以及增效程度方面都有很大差异。这一结果表明，参与这些杀虫剂代谢的细胞色素P450在成虫和幼虫之间是不同的。蚊蝇醚被证实是一种有效的蚊子IGR（EC50为0.0017 ng/ml），尽管虫酰肼没有活性。本文还讨论了这些材料在蚊虫控制中的应用潜力。
