Rüütel Kristi, Uusküla Anneli
Department of Public Health, University of Tartu, Ravila, Tartu.
Scand J Infect Dis. 2006;38(3):181-6. doi: 10.1080/00365540500388743.
This article describes current trends of HIV/AIDS and related conditions in Estonia, with the aim of highlighting key determinants in transmission dynamics and risk groups, problems and barriers of combating HIV/AIDS, and possible implications for prevention and control. Throughout the transition period Estonia has experienced major changes in political, economic, and social structure which all have contributed to increased violence, high-risk sexual behaviour, and substance abuse. Incidences of hepatitis B, C and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) increased in the early 1990s. HIV outbreaks were first detected among injecting drug users (IDUs) in 2000 and are still concentrated among this population group. High rates of sexual risk behaviour and inadequate knowledge regarding prevention of disease transmission in Estonia emphasizes the threat of a sex-related and STI facilitated driven HIV epidemic. To prevent further spread of HIV it is necessary to implement harm reduction interventions among IDUs. However, without effective management of socioeconomic and administrative barriers to health care and other services, an explicit policy on drugs will not reach marginalized groups and will not be able to prevent a further spread of these interrelated epidemics.
本文描述了爱沙尼亚艾滋病毒/艾滋病及相关疾病的当前趋势，旨在突出传播动态和风险群体中的关键决定因素、抗击艾滋病毒/艾滋病的问题和障碍，以及对预防和控制的可能影响。在整个转型期，爱沙尼亚经历了政治、经济和社会结构的重大变化，所有这些都导致暴力增加、高危性行为和药物滥用。20世纪90年代初，乙型、丙型肝炎和性传播感染（STIs）的发病率有所上升。2000年首次在注射吸毒者（IDUs）中发现艾滋病毒疫情，目前仍集中在这一人群中。爱沙尼亚的高发性风险行为以及对疾病传播预防知识的不足，凸显了性传播和性传播感染引发的艾滋病毒疫情的威胁。为防止艾滋病毒进一步传播，有必要在注射吸毒者中实施减少伤害干预措施。然而，如果不能有效管理医疗保健和其他服务的社会经济及行政障碍，明确的毒品政策将无法惠及边缘化群体，也无法防止这些相互关联的疫情进一步蔓延。
