Gibson-Davis Christina M, Brooks-Gunn Jeanne
Terry Sanford Institute of Public Policy, Duke University, PO Box 90245, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.
Am J Public Health. 2006 Apr;96(4):641-6. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2005.064840. Epub 2006 Feb 28.
We investigated how couples' immigration status and ethnicity determined the decision to initiate breastfeeding and to breastfeed at 6 months.
From data collected on 4207 mothers and 3013 fathers participating in a longitudinal birth cohort study, we used linear regression and covariate-adjusted proportions to estimate the determinants of breastfeeding behaviors. The sample was divided by immigration status (either foreign born or born in the United States) and further subdivided by ethnicity (Mexican Hispanic, non-Mexican Hispanic, and non-Hispanic).
Mothers born in the United States had an 85% reduction in the odds of breastfeeding as compared to foreign-born mothers and a 66% reduction in the odds of breastfeeding at 6 months. Each additional year of US residency decreased the odds of breastfeeding by 4%. These differences by immigration status were seen for Mexicans, other Hispanics, and non-Hispanics.
The Hispanic paradox may extend to other non-Hispanic immigrants for breastfeeding behaviors, but may not be true for Hispanic mothers born in the United States. Low rates of breastfeeding for Hispanic American mothers indicate that they should not be overlooked by breastfeeding promotion programs.
我们研究了夫妻的移民身份和种族如何决定开始母乳喂养的决定以及在6个月时进行母乳喂养的情况。
根据对参与一项纵向出生队列研究的4207名母亲和3013名父亲收集的数据，我们使用线性回归和协变量调整比例来估计母乳喂养行为的决定因素。样本按移民身份（外国出生或在美国出生）划分，并进一步按种族（墨西哥裔西班牙裔、非墨西哥裔西班牙裔和非西班牙裔）细分。
与外国出生的母亲相比，在美国出生的母亲进行母乳喂养的几率降低了85%，在6个月时进行母乳喂养的几率降低了66%。在美国居住的每增加一年，母乳喂养的几率就降低4%。墨西哥人、其他西班牙裔和非西班牙裔在移民身份方面都存在这些差异。
西班牙裔悖论可能延伸到其他非西班牙裔移民的母乳喂养行为，但对于在美国出生的西班牙裔母亲可能不成立。美国西班牙裔母亲的低母乳喂养率表明，母乳喂养促进项目不应忽视她们。
