Melis Alicia P, Hare Brian, Tomasello Michael
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, D-04103, Germany.
Science. 2006 Mar 3;311(5765):1297-300. doi: 10.1126/science.1123007.
Humans collaborate with non-kin in special ways, but the evolutionary foundations of these collaborative skills remain unclear. We presented chimpanzees with collaboration problems in which they had to decide when to recruit a partner and which potential partner to recruit. In an initial study, individuals recruited a collaborator only when solving the problem required collaboration. In a second study, individuals recruited the more effective of two partners on the basis of their experience with each of them on a previous day. Therefore, recognizing when collaboration is necessary and determining who is the best collaborative partner are skills shared by both chimpanzees and humans, so such skills may have been present in their common ancestor before humans evolved their own complex forms of collaboration.
人类以特殊方式与非亲属合作，但这些合作技能的进化基础仍不清楚。我们向黑猩猩提出合作问题，让它们决定何时招募伙伴以及招募哪个潜在伙伴。在初步研究中，个体只有在解决问题需要合作时才会招募合作者。在第二项研究中，个体根据前一天与两个伙伴的合作经验，选择更有效的那个伙伴。因此，识别何时需要合作以及确定谁是最佳合作伙伴的技能是黑猩猩和人类共有的，所以在人类发展出自己复杂的合作形式之前，这些技能可能已经存在于它们的共同祖先中。
