Golka K, Rettenmeier A W, Goebell P J
Institut für Arbeitsphysiologie an der Universität Dortmund, Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund.
Urologe A. 2006 Mar;45(3):361-7; quiz 368. doi: 10.1007/s00120-006-1018-6.
Bladder cancer is a malignant disease with exogenous and thus avoidable causative factors. Cigarette smoking is by far the most relevant risk factor and a clear dose-response relationship has been documented. That the bladder cancer risk decreases only a few years after the cessation of smoking is noteworthy. Occupational exposure, particularly to aromatic amines such as benzidine and beta-naphthylamine and to certain azo dyes, represents another important risk factor. At high risk are workers involved in the production of these chemicals and, to a lesser extent, those processing them. The currently known environmental factors seem to play a minor role. Treatment-induced risks causing secondary bladder cancer also have to be considered. Currently, the prevention of bladder cancer mainly involves avoiding exposure to known causative factors and early detection of the disease in high risk populations.
膀胱癌是一种具有外部且因此可避免的致病因素的恶性疾病。吸烟是迄今为止最相关的风险因素，并且已经记录了明确的剂量反应关系。值得注意的是，吸烟停止后仅几年，膀胱癌风险就会降低。职业暴露，特别是接触联苯胺和β-萘胺等芳香胺以及某些偶氮染料，是另一个重要的风险因素。从事这些化学品生产的工人以及在较小程度上加工这些化学品的工人处于高风险之中。目前已知的环境因素似乎起次要作用。还必须考虑导致继发性膀胱癌的治疗诱发风险。目前，膀胱癌的预防主要包括避免接触已知的致病因素以及在高危人群中早期发现该疾病。
