肠促胰岛素激素的生物学

The biology of incretin hormones.

作者信息

Drucker Daniel J

机构信息

Department of Medicine, The Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada.

出版信息

Cell Metab. 2006 Mar;3(3):153-65. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2006.01.004.

DOI:10.1016/j.cmet.2006.01.004

PMID:16517403

Abstract

Gut peptides, exemplified by glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are secreted in a nutrient-dependent manner and stimulate glucose-dependent insulin secretion. Both GIP and GLP-1 also promote beta cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis, leading to expansion of beta cell mass. GLP-1, but not GIP, controls glycemia via additional actions on glucose sensors, inhibition of gastric emptying, food intake and glucagon secretion. Furthermore, GLP-1, unlike GIP, potently stimulates insulin secretion and reduces blood glucose in human subjects with type 2 diabetes. This article summarizes current concepts of incretin action and highlights the potential therapeutic utility of GLP-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

摘要

以胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）和葡萄糖依赖性促胰岛素多肽（GIP）为代表的肠肽以营养物质依赖性方式分泌，并刺激葡萄糖依赖性胰岛素分泌。GIP和GLP-1均能促进β细胞增殖并抑制细胞凋亡，从而导致β细胞量增加。GLP-1而非GIP通过对葡萄糖传感器的额外作用、抑制胃排空、食物摄入和胰高血糖素分泌来控制血糖。此外，与GIP不同，GLP-1能有效刺激2型糖尿病患者的胰岛素分泌并降低血糖。本文总结了肠促胰岛素作用的当前概念，并强调了GLP-1受体激动剂和二肽基肽酶-4（DPP-4）抑制剂在治疗2型糖尿病方面的潜在治疗效用。