Shin Heejong, Kim Hwapyung, Kim Gwangpyung, Kim Yikyoung, Kim Boyong
Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea.
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2025 Apr 21;47(4):294. doi: 10.3390/cimb47040294.
Excessive glucose absorption is a major contributing factor of metabolic disorders that necessitates effective therapeutic strategies. This study investigates the potential of fermented extract (FACE) in regulating glucose transport and immune responses under high-glucose stress conditions. Caco-2 intestinal cells and L cells were treated with FACE to determine effects on key glucose-regulating proteins and cytokines. FACE treatment inhibited the expression of glucose transporters SGLT1 and GLUT2 while promoting GLP-1 secretion. This effect was associated with HDAC and somatostatin suppression, along with AMPK-γ upregulation. Notably, FACE inhibited DPP-4 expression, further enhancing GLP-1 stability and function. Immunomodulatory effects also occurred, specifically FACE promotion of T lymphocyte differentiation, with a stronger influence on Th2 cell development. Additionally, FACE increased the secretion of essential molecules for immune balance and inflammation control, including antimicrobial peptides LL-37 and defensin, along with cytokines IL-4 and IL-13. These findings suggest that FACE exerts dual effects of improving glucose regulation and modulating immune responses, highlighting its potential as a novel bioactive material for managing metabolic disorders and enhancing intestinal immunity. Further research is warranted to explore its clinical applicability in therapeutic formulations.
过量的葡萄糖吸收是代谢紊乱的一个主要促成因素，这需要有效的治疗策略。本研究调查了发酵提取物（FACE）在高糖应激条件下调节葡萄糖转运和免疫反应的潜力。用FACE处理Caco-2肠细胞和L细胞，以确定其对关键葡萄糖调节蛋白和细胞因子的影响。FACE处理抑制了葡萄糖转运蛋白SGLT1和GLUT2的表达，同时促进了GLP-1的分泌。这种作用与HDAC和生长抑素的抑制以及AMPK-γ的上调有关。值得注意的是，FACE抑制了DPP-4的表达，进一步增强了GLP-1的稳定性和功能。还出现了免疫调节作用，特别是FACE促进T淋巴细胞分化，对Th2细胞发育的影响更强。此外，FACE增加了免疫平衡和炎症控制所需分子的分泌，包括抗菌肽LL-37和防御素，以及细胞因子IL-4和IL-13。这些发现表明，FACE具有改善葡萄糖调节和调节免疫反应的双重作用，突出了其作为一种新型生物活性材料用于管理代谢紊乱和增强肠道免疫力的潜力。有必要进一步研究其在治疗制剂中的临床适用性。
