Brosco Jeffrey P, Mattingly Michael, Sanders Lee M
Department of Pediatrics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Fla 33101, USA.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2006 Mar;160(3):302-9. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.160.3.302.
To explore the impact of medical interventions on reducing the prevalence of mental retardation (MR) in the United States over the last 50 years.
We reviewed the medical literature and other data from 1950 to 2000 to construct estimates of the general and condition-specific prevalence of MR in the United States over time. We further explored the existing literature to document historically important influences on condition-specific prevalence, including the year that an effective intervention was introduced, the likelihood of success of the intervention, and the availability of such interventions nationwide. Specific conditions included congenital syphilis, Rh hemolytic disease of the newborn, measles, Haemophilus influenzae type B meningitis, congenital hypothyroidism, phenylketonuria, and congenital rubella syndrome.
Twentieth-century North America.
Children with MR or 1 of the 7 specific conditions listed earlier.
Case-specific and general prevalence of MR from 1950 to 2000.
The prevalence of MR caused by a number of specific medical conditions has decreased sharply over the last 50 years. However, the incidence of each of these conditions is relatively low, and cases of MR due to these conditions represent, at most, 16.5% of the total number of cases of MR in 1950.
Although specific medical interventions have prevented thousands of cases of MR, their contribution to the overall prevalence of MR is relatively small.
探讨过去50年医疗干预措施对降低美国智力迟钝（MR）患病率的影响。
我们回顾了1950年至2000年的医学文献及其他数据，以构建美国不同时期MR总体患病率及特定疾病患病率的估计值。我们进一步查阅现有文献，记录对特定疾病患病率具有重要历史影响的因素，包括有效干预措施引入的年份、干预成功的可能性以及该干预措施在全国的可及性。特定疾病包括先天性梅毒、新生儿溶血病、麻疹、B型流感嗜血杆菌脑膜炎、先天性甲状腺功能减退症、苯丙酮尿症和先天性风疹综合征。
20世纪的北美。
患有MR或上述7种特定疾病之一的儿童。
1950年至2000年特定病例及MR的总体患病率。
过去50年中，由多种特定疾病导致的MR患病率急剧下降。然而，这些疾病的发病率相对较低，因这些疾病导致的MR病例最多占1950年MR病例总数的16.5%。
尽管特定医疗干预措施预防了数千例MR病例，但它们对MR总体患病率的贡献相对较小。
