Allinson Graeme, Mispagel Cindi, Kajiwara Natsuko, Anan Yasumi, Hashimoto Junko, Laurenson Laurie, Allinson Mayumi, Tanabe Shinsuke
School of Ecology and Environment, Deakin University, Warrnambool, Vic. 3280, Australia.
Chemosphere. 2006 Aug;64(9):1464-71. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.12.067. Epub 2006 Mar 9.
In recent times, the apparent population decline of the southern bent-wing bat (Miniopterus schreibersii bassanii) at Bat Cave, Naracoorte has been ascribed to pesticide use in the region, following the finding of organochlorine and orgaonophosphate insecticide residues in bat guano. Adult southern bent-wing bats were collected from Bat Cave and Starlight Cave in 2003. Organochlorine contaminants were detected in all carcass samples: p,p'-DDE was by far the most dominant contaminant with concentrations ranging from 11,000 to 59,000ngg(-1), followed by p,p'-DDT (110-1600ngg(-1)), p,p'-DDD (35-620ngg(-1)), summation operatorPCBs (33-490ngg(-1)), summation operatorchlordane and related compounds (7.9-270ngg(-1)), HCB (1.6-120ngg(-1)), HP epox. (3.1-230ngg(-1)), TCPMOH (3.8-38ngg(-1)), summation operatorHCHs (1.4-9.6ngg(-1)), and TCPMe (0.1-4.2ngg(-1)) (all values on lipid-weight basis). No significant difference in DDE, DDD, DDT, summation operatorDDT, summation operatorPCB, trans-chlordane, heptachlor epoxide, trans-nonachlor, alpha-HCH, beta-HCH, gamma-HCH, TCPMOH or TCPMe concentrations were observed either between sexes within sites, or between sites (p>0.05). However, there were significant differences in HCB and oxychlordane concentrations between sexes and between sites (p<0.05), between site differences in cis-nonachlor concentrations in male bats (p<0.05), and cis-chlordane concentrations between sexes at Starlight Cave, and between males of each site (p<0.05). There were also significant differences in the liver concentrations of some metals between sexes within sites (Ag, Cd, Co, Cu, Pb, Se, Zn), and between sites (Ag, Cd, Co, Cu, Hg, Pb, Se, V, Zn). Clustering or grouping of sites was observed when the OC data was expressed on a lipid-weight basis. These inter-site differences in OC concentrations reflect local exposure over a period of time, and do not unambiguously support any suggestion that we are witnessing incipient speciation. However, for conservation purposes, it may be prudent to assume that there are two sub-populations of M. s. bassani feeding in different locations in this region of southern Australia, rather than the single homogeneous population suggested by genetic studies.
近年来，纳拉库特蝙蝠洞的南弯翅蝠（Miniopterus schreibersii bassanii）种群数量明显下降，这归因于该地区使用了杀虫剂，因为在蝙蝠粪便中发现了有机氯和有机磷杀虫剂残留。2003年从蝙蝠洞和星光洞采集了成年南弯翅蝠。在所有尸体样本中均检测到有机氯污染物：p,p'-DDE是迄今为止最主要的污染物，浓度范围为11,000至59,000ng/g（-1），其次是p,p'-DDT（110 - 1600ng/g（-1））、p,p'-DDD（35 - 620ng/g（-1））、多氯联苯总和（33 - 490ng/g（-1））、氯丹及其相关化合物总和（7.9 - 270ng/g（-1））、六氯苯（1.6 - 120ng/g（-1））、环氧七氯（3.1 - 230ng/g（-1））、TCPMOH（3.8 - 38ng/g（-1））、六氯环己烷总和（1.4 - 9.6ng/g（-1））以及TCPMe（0.1 - 4.2ng/g（-1））（所有数值均以脂质重量为基础）。在各地点内的不同性别之间，以及不同地点之间，DDE、DDD、DDT、总DDT、总PCB、反式氯丹、环氧七氯、反式九氯、α - 六氯环己烷、β - 六氯环己烷、γ - 六氯环己烷、TCPMOH或TCPMe的浓度均未观察到显著差异（p>0.05）。然而，六氯苯和氧化氯丹的浓度在性别之间以及地点之间存在显著差异（p<0.05），雄性蝙蝠中顺式九氯浓度的地点差异显著（p<0.05），星光洞不同性别之间以及各地点雄性之间的顺式氯丹浓度存在显著差异（p<0.05）。各地点内不同性别之间某些金属的肝脏浓度（银、镉、钴、铜、铅、硒、锌）以及不同地点之间（银、镉、钴、铜、汞、铅、硒、钒、锌）也存在显著差异。当以脂质重量为基础表示有机氯数据时，观察到了地点的聚类或分组情况。这些有机氯浓度的地点间差异反映了一段时间内的局部暴露情况，并未明确支持我们正在见证初期物种形成的任何说法。然而，出于保护目的，假定在澳大利亚南部这个地区有两个不同的南弯翅蝠亚种群在不同地点觅食，而不是像基因研究表明的单一同质种群，可能是谨慎的做法。
