Hood W M, Miller G A
Clemson University, Department of Entomology, Soils, and Plant Sciences, 305 Long Hall, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2005 Dec;98(6):1791-5. doi: 10.1093/jee/98.6.1791.
This investigation was conducted to test whether an upper hive entrance may result in reduced Aethina tumida Murray (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) population buildup in newly established honey bee, Apis mellifera L., colonies over an 8-mo period. The upper hive entrance consisted of a 3.5-cm-i.d. polyvinyl chloride pipe positioned 20 cm above the hive bottom. Sixteen bee colonies were established using five-frame nucleus hives with a 0.9-kg (2-1b) package of bees with queen. Eight colonies were placed in each apiary, and each colony received one of two treatments: 1) conventional hive lower entrance and 2) modified upper hive entrance. This investigation was conducted in two distant apiaries where A. tumida had been a major problem to local beekeepers for a minimum of 2 yr. Results showed no overall differences between treatment effects on A. tumida counts over the test period, but there was a reduction in bee brood measured in colonies having an upper hive entrance. We conclude that the upper pipe entrance is not recommended in areas where A. tumida are well established and have become problematic. The expected reduction of brood in colonies as a result of using an upper hive entrance will lead to less productive units for honey production and pollination activities. Other control measures will be necessary to maintain tolerable levels of A. tumida in honey bee colonies at high pest densities.
本研究旨在测试在8个月的时间里，较高的蜂箱入口是否会减少新建立的意大利蜜蜂蜂群中突眼果蝇（鞘翅目：露尾甲科）的种群增长。较高的蜂箱入口由一根内径3.5厘米的聚氯乙烯管组成，该管位于蜂箱底部上方20厘米处。使用五框核蜂箱和0.9千克（2磅）带蜂王的蜜蜂群建立了16个蜂群。每个养蜂场放置8个蜂群，每个蜂群接受两种处理之一：1）传统的蜂箱下部入口；2）改良的蜂箱上部入口。本研究在两个相距较远的养蜂场进行，在那里突眼果蝇至少2年来一直是当地养蜂人的主要问题。结果表明，在测试期间，两种处理对突眼果蝇数量的影响总体上没有差异，但在有上部蜂箱入口的蜂群中，蜜蜂幼虫数量有所减少。我们得出结论，在突眼果蝇已经大量存在并成为问题的地区，不建议使用上部管道入口。由于使用上部蜂箱入口，预计蜂群中的幼虫数量会减少，这将导致蜂蜜生产和授粉活动的生产单位效率降低。在害虫密度较高的情况下，需要采取其他控制措施来维持蜜蜂蜂群中突眼果蝇的可容忍水平。
