Villanueva Raul T, Walgenbach James F
Department of Entomology, Mountain Horticultural Crops Research and Extension Center, North Carolina State University, Fletcher, NC 28732, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2005 Dec;98(6):2114-20. doi: 10.1093/jee/98.6.2114.
Eight reduced-risk insecticides (acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, methoxyfenozide, pyriproxyfen, indoxacarb, and spinosad) and three conventional insecticides (azinphosmethyl, fenpropathrin, and esfenvalerate) were tested against Neoseiulus fallacis (Garman) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), the most abundant predacious mite in North Carolina apple (Malus spp.) orchards. To assess the effect of insecticides on development and mortality of N. fallacis immatures, 12-h-old eggs were individually placed on bean leaf disks previously dipped in insecticide solutions. Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) females were added as a food source. None of the reduced-risk insecticides significantly affected immature N. fallacis compared with the control; however, the pyrethroids esfenvalerate and fenpropathrin were highly toxic to immatures. To evaluate the effect of insecticides on mortality and oviposition of adult N. fallacis, 7- to 8-d-old females were confined on insecticide-treated bean leaves with Malephora crocea (Aizoaceae) pollen added as a food source. Spinosad resulted in the highest mortality, whereas azinphosmethyl, acetamiprid, fenpropathrin, and imidacloprid were moderately toxic, and mortality from esfenvalerate, indoxacarb, thiacloprid, methoxyfenozide, pyriproxyfen, and thiamethoxam did not differ significantly from the control. Oviposition was affected in a similar manner, with the exception of acetamiprid that did not affect oviposition, and thiamethoxam that reduced oviposition.
对八种降低风险的杀虫剂（啶虫脒、噻虫嗪、吡虫啉、噻虫啉、甲氧虫酰肼、吡丙醚、茚虫威和多杀霉素）和三种传统杀虫剂（谷硫磷、甲氰菊酯和乙氰菊酯）进行了针对伪钝绥螨（加曼）（蜱螨亚纲：植绥螨科）的测试，伪钝绥螨是北卡罗来纳州苹果（苹果属）果园中数量最多的捕食性螨类。为了评估杀虫剂对伪钝绥螨未成熟个体发育和死亡率的影响，将12小时龄的卵分别放置在预先浸入杀虫剂溶液的豆叶圆片上。添加二斑叶螨（蜱螨亚纲：叶螨科）雌螨作为食物来源。与对照相比，降低风险的杀虫剂均未对未成熟的伪钝绥螨产生显著影响；然而，拟除虫菊酯类的乙氰菊酯和甲氰菊酯对未成熟个体具有高毒性。为了评估杀虫剂对成年伪钝绥螨死亡率和产卵的影响，将7至8日龄的雌螨限制在经杀虫剂处理的豆叶上，并添加大花马齿苋（番杏科）花粉作为食物来源。多杀霉素导致的死亡率最高，而谷硫磷、啶虫脒、甲氰菊酯和吡虫啉具有中等毒性，乙氰菊酯、茚虫威、噻虫啉、甲氧虫酰肼、吡丙醚和噻虫嗪导致的死亡率与对照无显著差异。产卵受到类似影响，啶虫脒不影响产卵，噻虫嗪降低产卵量除外。
