Ganjisaffar Fatemeh, Andreason Sharon A, Perring Thomas M
Department of Entomology, University of California, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
Insects. 2019 Jan 16;10(1):31. doi: 10.3390/insects10010031.
The pink hibiscus mealybug, (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is a pest of many plants, and a new problem on dates in California. The effects of seven insecticides and water on different life stages of this mealybug were studied to identify the best material for control. Water did not have any significant effect on mealybugs, but the insecticide treatments significantly affected all life stages tested. The egg hatch rate ranged from 28.5% to 17.2% for spirotetramat, bifenthrin, flupyradifurone, fenpropathrin, and buprofezin treatments, and was lower for sulfoxaflor (2.8%) and acetamiprid (0.1%). Despite high survival of neonate crawlers in the non-treated control and water treatments, 53.1% and 34.6% survived in the spirotetramat and buprofezin treatments, respectively; survival was zero in the other treatments. Spirotetramat and buprofezin caused very low mortality of nymphs in the first day post-treatment, but mortality significantly increased over time and reached 42.8% and 50.6% by day 6, respectively. The other treatments were highly toxic to the nymphs (79.4⁻99.4% on day 6). Insecticides also had a significant effect on the feeding ability of nymphs. By day 6 after treatment, 73.9% to 100% of nymphs treated with different insecticides stopped feeding although they were still alive. Insecticides showed no effect on the mortality of adult females, but the percentages of ovipositing females were significantly reduced (51.1% to 10.6%) in all insecticide treatments, except buprofezin, which was not statistically different from water and the non-treated control. In the process of our studies, we identified abnormalities in the appearance of eggs from females treated with various insecticides, and these aberrant eggs are described.
粉红吹绵蚧（格林）（半翅目：粉蚧科）是多种植物的害虫，也是加利福尼亚枣椰树面临的新问题。研究了七种杀虫剂和水对该粉蚧不同生命阶段的影响，以确定最佳防治药剂。水对粉蚧没有显著影响，但杀虫剂处理对所有测试的生命阶段都有显著影响。对于螺虫乙酯、联苯菊酯、氟吡呋喃酮、甲氰菊酯和噻嗪酮处理，卵孵化率在28.5%至17.2%之间，而氟啶虫胺腈（2.8%）和啶虫脒（0.1%）的孵化率较低。尽管在未处理对照和水处理中初孵若虫存活率很高，但在螺虫乙酯和噻嗪酮处理中分别有53.1%和34.6%存活；其他处理中的存活率为零。螺虫乙酯和噻嗪酮在处理后第一天对若虫的死亡率很低，但随着时间推移死亡率显著增加，到第6天分别达到42.8%和50.6%。其他处理对若虫具有高毒性（第6天为79.4⁻99.4%）。杀虫剂对若虫的取食能力也有显著影响。处理后第6天，用不同杀虫剂处理的若虫中有73.9%至100%停止取食，尽管它们仍然存活。杀虫剂对成年雌虫的死亡率没有影响，但除噻嗪酮外，所有杀虫剂处理中产卵雌虫的比例均显著降低（从51.1%降至10.6%），噻嗪酮与水和未处理对照在统计学上无差异。在我们的研究过程中，我们发现了用各种杀虫剂处理的雌虫所产的卵在外观上存在异常，并对这些异常卵进行了描述。
