Leskey Tracy C, Bergh J Christopher
USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430-2771, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2005 Dec;98(6):2121-32. doi: 10.1603/0022-0493-98.6.2121.
The initiation and level of infestation by dogwood borer, Synanthedon scitula (Harris), was tracked over three consecutive years in two nonbearing apple (Malus spp.) orchards in West Virginia and Virginia. The orchards were planted on a number of rootstock-variety (approximately cultivar) combinations and grown using different cultural practices. Infestations were detected during the first season after planting and continued to increase annually. The amount of burr knot tissue had the greatest impact on dogwood borer populations, because increasing amounts of burr knot tissue resulted in higher infestation rates. The use of plastic spiral wrap tree guards seemed to increase the development of burr knot tissue, resulting in significantly greater infestation compared with trees without tree guards in the West Virginia orchard. Variety also had a significant effect, because 'Idared' trees on M.26 had significantly greater levels of infestation compared with 'Buckeye Gala' on M.26, with or without tree guards, in the Virginia orchard. Mounding soil around the rootstock to a height just above the graft union prevented or tremendously curtailed infestation by dogwood borer, but it led to scion rooting that seemed to have an impact on size-controlling features of dwarfing rootstocks. Removal of the mounds at the beginning of the third growing season resulted in infestation of the rooted tissue during the same season. As long as apple cultivars continue to be planted on size-controlling rootstocks, dogwood borer will likely remain a serious pest, requiring either chemical treatments or a behavioral control strategy, such as mating disruption, to protect trees from infestation and damage.
在西弗吉尼亚州和弗吉尼亚州的两个未结果的苹果（苹果属）果园中，连续三年追踪了山茱萸透翅蛾（Synanthedon scitula (Harris)）的侵染起始情况和侵染水平。这些果园种植了多种砧木 - 品种（大致为栽培品种）组合，并采用不同的栽培方式进行种植。在种植后的第一个季节就检测到了侵染情况，且每年都持续增加。瘤状组织的数量对山茱萸透翅蛾种群的影响最大，因为瘤状组织数量的增加导致侵染率更高。在西弗吉尼亚州的果园中，使用塑料螺旋缠绕式树护似乎增加了瘤状组织的形成，导致与未使用树护的树木相比，侵染情况显著更严重。品种也有显著影响，因为在弗吉尼亚州的果园中，无论有无树护，M.26砧木上的‘Idared’树的侵染水平都显著高于M.26砧木上的‘Buckeye Gala’树。在砧木周围堆土至略高于嫁接处的高度可防止或极大地减少山茱萸透翅蛾的侵染，但这会导致接穗生根，似乎对矮化砧木的控冠特性有影响。在第三个生长季开始时移除土堆会导致同一季节生根组织受到侵染。只要苹果品种继续种植在控冠砧木上，山茱萸透翅蛾很可能仍然是一种严重的害虫，需要进行化学处理或采用行为控制策略，如交配干扰，以保护树木免受侵染和损害。
