Ullsperger Markus, Bylsma Lauren M, Botvinick Matthew M
Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2005 Dec;5(4):467-72. doi: 10.3758/cabn.5.4.467.
Analyses of trial sequences in flanker tasks have revealed cognitive adaptation, reflected in a reduced interference effect following incompatible trials (Gratton, Coles, & Donchin, 1992). These effects have been explained on the basis of the response conflict monitoring model of Botvinick, Braver, Barch, Carter, and Cohen (2001), who proposed that preceding response conflict triggers stronger topdown control, leading to performance improvements on subsequent trials of similar context. A recent study (Mayr, Awh, & Laurey, 2003) has challenged this account, suggesting that the behavioral adaptations are confined to trial sequences of exact trial repetitions and can therefore be explained by repetition priming. Here, we present two experiments in which the sequential dependency effect was present even on trial sequences that did not involve stimulus repeats. We discuss the data with respect to the conflict-monitoring and repetition-priming accounts.
对侧翼任务中试验序列的分析揭示了认知适应，这表现为在不相容试验后干扰效应降低（格拉顿、科尔斯和唐钦，1992）。这些效应已根据博特维尼克、布雷弗、巴尔奇、卡特和科恩（2001）的反应冲突监测模型得到解释，该模型提出先前的反应冲突会触发更强的自上而下控制，从而导致在类似情境的后续试验中表现改善。最近一项研究（迈尔、阿夫和劳里，2003）对这一解释提出了质疑，认为行为适应仅限于精确试验重复的试验序列，因此可以用重复启动来解释。在此，我们展示了两个实验，其中即使在不涉及刺激重复的试验序列中也存在序列依赖性效应。我们根据冲突监测和重复启动的解释来讨论这些数据。
