Yasukawa Masaki
First Department of Internal Medicine, Ehime University School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295.
Rinsho Byori. 2006 Feb;54(2):159-69.
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) undoubtedly play an important role in protection against viral infections. Virus specific CTLs recognize virus-derived peptide in the context of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules and lyse virus-infected cells via perforin/granzyme and Fas/Fas ligand pathways. Virus infection, especially herpesviruses, induces the down-regulation of surface MHC molecules, resulting in viral escape from the immunosurveillance system. Viruses also modulate the chemokine/chemokine receptor system through various mechanisms, including virus-encoded chemokine ligand homologs which function as agonists or antagonists, virus-encoded cell-surface chemokine receptor homologs, virus-encoded secreted chemokine-binding proteins, and the down- and up- regulation of chemokines and chemokine receptors. In this review, viral subversion of the immune system focusing on MHC expression and the chemokine system is discussed. Insight into strategies used by herpesviruses to modulate MHC expression and the chemokine system might generate novel approaches for protecting and treating viral infections.
细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CTLs）无疑在抵御病毒感染中发挥着重要作用。病毒特异性CTLs在主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）I类分子的背景下识别病毒衍生的肽，并通过穿孔素/颗粒酶和Fas/Fas配体途径裂解病毒感染的细胞。病毒感染，尤其是疱疹病毒感染，会导致表面MHC分子下调，从而使病毒逃避免疫监视系统。病毒还通过多种机制调节趋化因子/趋化因子受体系统，这些机制包括作为激动剂或拮抗剂发挥作用的病毒编码趋化因子配体同源物、病毒编码的细胞表面趋化因子受体同源物、病毒编码的分泌型趋化因子结合蛋白，以及趋化因子和趋化因子受体的下调和上调。在本综述中，将讨论主要聚焦于MHC表达和趋化因子系统的病毒对免疫系统的颠覆。深入了解疱疹病毒用于调节MHC表达和趋化因子系统的策略，可能会产生保护和治疗病毒感染的新方法。
