Loetscher H, Steinmetz M, Lesslauer W
F. Hoffmann-LaRoche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland.
Cancer Cells. 1991 Jun;3(6):221-6.
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a highly potent pleiotropic response modifier in inflammatory and immunologic host defense reactions. It can also be toxic to cells and elicit toxic systemic reactions, as evinced by certain pathophysiologic conditions that are initiated or aggravated by an excess of TNF. The cellular mechanisms for transducing TNF signals are complex. There are two forms of TNF, alpha and beta, and two distinct TNF receptors. Many cells express both receptor types simultaneously, even though neither membrane receptor can distinguish between TNF-alpha and TNF-beta. The effects of TNF are inhibited by binding proteins that are truncated fragments of the extracellular domains of the TNF receptors. The mechanisms by which these components of the TNF signal transmission pathways interact to mediate the pleiotropic effects of TNF remain unclear.
肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）是炎症和免疫宿主防御反应中一种高效的多效性反应调节因子。它对细胞也可能有毒性，并引发毒性全身反应，某些由过量TNF引发或加重的病理生理状况就证明了这一点。转导TNF信号的细胞机制很复杂。TNF有两种形式，α和β，以及两种不同的TNF受体。许多细胞同时表达这两种受体类型，尽管两种膜受体都无法区分TNF-α和TNF-β。TNF的作用会被TNF受体细胞外结构域的截短片段结合蛋白所抑制。TNF信号传导途径的这些组成部分相互作用以介导TNF多效性作用的机制仍不清楚。
