Tóth Miklós, Alpár Alán, Patonay Lajos, Oláh Imre
Department of Human Morphology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Tuzoltó u. 58, 1094 Budapest, Hungary.
Ann Anat. 2006 Mar;188(2):93-101. doi: 10.1016/j.aanat.2005.09.006.
The round window niche is a bony pouch of the tympanic cavity and clinically frequently explored, therefore its topography has fundamental impact on microsurgery. A total of 783 macerated and formalin-fixed temporal bones were used to study the normal anatomy of the round window and its development. The ossification of the niche starts in the 16th fetal week and is complete at birth. A process of the otic capsule, called the cartilage bar, forms the inferior wall of the round window niche. The anterior and superior walls of the niche form by intramembranous ossification, whereas the posterior and inferior walls predominantly form by enchondral ossification. The uneven growth of different walls of the round window niche can alter the shape of the entrance, which results in eight different types of niches: extremely narrow, descending tegmen, anterior septum, bony membrane, open fundus, exostosis, jugular dome and trabeculae.
圆窗龛是鼓室的一个骨袋，临床上常对其进行探查，因此其局部解剖结构对显微手术具有重要影响。共使用783块浸软和福尔马林固定的颞骨来研究圆窗的正常解剖结构及其发育过程。龛的骨化始于胎儿第16周，出生时完成。耳囊的一个称为软骨条的结构形成圆窗龛的下壁。龛的前壁和上壁通过膜内成骨形成，而后壁和下壁主要通过软骨内成骨形成。圆窗龛不同壁的生长不均衡会改变入口形状，从而产生八种不同类型的龛：极窄型、降嵴型、前隔型、骨膜型、开放型、骨疣型、颈静脉穹窿型和小梁型。
