Fabiani Claudio, Yessayan Roosanna
Agenzia per la Protezione dell'Ambiente e per i Servizi Tecnici (APAT), Rome, Italy.
Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2005;41(3):317-25.
Member States of the EU are presently involved in the enforcement of the Directive of the Council and European Parliament 2000/60/CE, the so-called Water Framework Directive (WFD), establishing a frame for the common water policy of the Union. A major objective of the WFD is to reach within 2015 a good ecological status for all relevant surface water bodies of the Union territory. The assessment of the ecological status must be supported by the assessment of both the hydromorphological conditions of the water and its chemical status as represented by basic chemical parameters such as temperature, pH, oxygen balance and nutrients, and the presence or absence (vs environmental quality standards or natural background concentration) of specific synthetic and non-synthetic micropollutants. According to this approach, the assessment of the presence in any phase (water, sediments and biota) constituting the water body of micropollutants at concentrations below the environmental standards will guarantee the protection from toxic and ecotoxic effects on humans, animal and vegetal communities associated with the water body. In this context, the state of the art in Italy as compared to that in some non-EU states, particularly in Armenia, is discussed.
欧盟成员国目前正在参与执行理事会和欧洲议会的2000/60/CE号指令，即所谓的《水框架指令》（WFD），该指令为欧盟的共同水政策建立了框架。《水框架指令》的一个主要目标是到2015年使欧盟领土内所有相关地表水水体达到良好的生态状况。生态状况的评估必须得到对水的水文形态条件及其化学状况评估的支持，水的化学状况由温度、pH值、氧平衡和营养物质等基本化学参数以及特定合成和非合成微污染物的存在与否（与环境质量标准或自然背景浓度相比）来表示。根据这种方法，对构成水体的任何相（水、沉积物和生物群）中低于环境标准浓度的微污染物的存在情况进行评估，将确保保护免受与水体相关的对人类、动物和植物群落的毒性和生态毒性影响。在此背景下，讨论了意大利与一些非欧盟国家（特别是亚美尼亚）相比的技术现状。
