Schneider Bradley S, Soong Lynn, Girard Yvette A, Campbell Gerald, Mason Peter, Higgs Stephen
Department of Pathology, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-0609, USA.
Viral Immunol. 2006 Spring;19(1):74-82. doi: 10.1089/vim.2006.19.74.
Mosquitoes infect human beings with arboviruses while taking a blood meal, inoculating virus with their saliva. Mosquito saliva contains compounds that counter host hemostatic, inflammatory, and immune responses. Modulation of these crucial defensive responses may facilitate virus infection. Using a murine model we explored the potential for mosquitoes to impact the course of West Nile virus (WNV) disease by determining whether differences in pathogenesis occurred in the presence or absence of mosquito saliva. Mice inoculated intradermally with 10(4) pfu of WNV subsequent to the feeding of mosquitoes developed more progressive infection, higher viremia, and accelerated neuroinvasion than the mice inoculated with WNV alone. At a lower dose of WNV (10(2) pfu), mice fed upon by mosquitoes had a lower survival rate. This study suggests that mosquito feeding and factors in mosquito saliva can potentiate WNV infection, and offers a possible mechanism for this effect via accelerated infection of the brain.
蚊子在吸食人血时会将虫媒病毒传染给人类，通过唾液接种病毒。蚊子唾液中含有对抗宿主止血、炎症和免疫反应的化合物。对这些关键防御反应的调节可能会促进病毒感染。我们使用小鼠模型，通过确定在有或没有蚊子唾液的情况下发病机制是否存在差异，来探索蚊子影响西尼罗河病毒（WNV）疾病进程的可能性。在蚊子叮咬后经皮接种10⁴ 个噬斑形成单位（pfu）西尼罗河病毒的小鼠，比单独接种西尼罗河病毒的小鼠发生更进展性的感染、更高的病毒血症以及更快的神经侵袭。在较低剂量的西尼罗河病毒（10² pfu）下，被蚊子叮咬的小鼠存活率较低。这项研究表明，蚊子叮咬以及蚊子唾液中的因素可增强西尼罗河病毒感染，并通过加速脑部感染为此效应提供了一种可能的机制。
