生物技术为鱼类健康管理带来了变革。

Biotechnology offers revolution to fish health management.

作者信息

Adams Alexandra, Thompson Kim D

机构信息

Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK.

出版信息

Trends Biotechnol. 2006 May;24(5):201-5. doi: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2006.03.004. Epub 2006 Mar 29.

DOI:10.1016/j.tibtech.2006.03.004

PMID:16564587

Abstract

Biotechnology has many applications in fish health management. The application of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) provides a rapid means of pathogen identification; antibodies to immunoglobulins from different fish species can be used to monitor the host response following vaccination; and mAbs also have the potential for screening broodstock for previous exposure to pathogens. Luminex technology exemplifies a novel antibody-based method that can be applied to both pathogen detection and vaccine development. Molecular technologies, such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real time PCR and nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA), have enabled detection, identification and quantification of extremely low levels of aquatic pathogens, and microarray technologies offer a new dimension to multiplex screening for pathogens and host response. Recombinant DNA technology permits large-scale, low-cost vaccine production, moreover DNA vaccination, proteomics, adjuvant design and oral vaccine delivery will undoubtedly foster the development of effective fish vaccines in the future.

摘要

生物技术在鱼类健康管理中有许多应用。单克隆抗体（mAb）的应用提供了一种快速识别病原体的方法；针对不同鱼类免疫球蛋白的抗体可用于监测疫苗接种后的宿主反应；单克隆抗体还有潜力用于筛选亲鱼是否曾接触过病原体。Luminex技术是一种基于抗体的新型方法，可应用于病原体检测和疫苗开发。分子技术，如聚合酶链反应（PCR）、实时PCR和基于核酸序列的扩增（NASBA），能够检测、识别和定量极低水平的水生病原体，而微阵列技术为病原体和宿主反应的多重筛选提供了新的维度。重组DNA技术可实现大规模、低成本的疫苗生产，此外，DNA疫苗接种、蛋白质组学、佐剂设计和口服疫苗递送无疑将推动未来有效鱼类疫苗的发展。