Lew Timothy A, Morrow Edward H, Rice William R
Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara 93106-9610, USA.
Evolution. 2006 Jan;60(1):97-105.
Interlocus sexual conflict theory predicts that some male adaptations are harmful to their mates. Females are therefore expected to evolve resistance to this harm. Using cytogenetic cloning techniques, we tested for heritable genetic variation among females for resistance to harm from males and determined whether propensity to remate, female body size, and intralocus conflict contributes to this variation. We found low but significant heritability for female resistance, but this variation accounted for more than half of the standing genetic variation for net fitness among females. We found no association between female resistance and female body size or level of intralocus sexual conflict. Reluctance to remate was found to be an important factor contributing to the female resistance phenotype, and we found a positive selection gradient on this trait. However, we observed only a nonsignificant positive correlation between a female's resistance and her net fitness. One factor contributing to the observed nominal level of selection on female resistance was that males cause the greatest amount of harm to females with the highest intrinsic fecundity.
基因座间性冲突理论预测，一些雄性适应性特征对其配偶有害。因此，预计雌性会进化出对这种伤害的抵抗力。我们使用细胞遗传学克隆技术，测试了雌性之间对雄性伤害的抵抗力的可遗传遗传变异，并确定再次交配的倾向、雌性体型和基因座内冲突是否导致了这种变异。我们发现雌性抵抗力的遗传力较低但显著，不过这种变异占雌性净适合度现存遗传变异的一半以上。我们没有发现雌性抵抗力与雌性体型或基因座内性冲突水平之间存在关联。发现不愿再次交配是导致雌性抵抗力表型的一个重要因素，并且我们在这个性状上发现了一个正选择梯度。然而，我们仅观察到雌性的抵抗力与其净适合度之间存在不显著的正相关。导致观察到的对雌性抵抗力选择的名义水平的一个因素是，雄性对具有最高内在繁殖力的雌性造成的伤害最大。
