Chipperfield Judith G, Perry Raymond P
Department of Psychology, Centre on Aging and the Health, Leisure, & Human Performance Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
Health Psychol. 2006 Mar;25(2):226-36. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.25.2.226.
Community-dwelling individuals (n = 143, 73-98 years old) were assessed to consider if their use of task-specific control strategies predicted hospital outcomes in the subsequent 2 years. The authors were interested in whether men and women facing health-induced task restrictions benefited equally from the use of primary- and secondary-control strategies. Gender interacted with primary-control strategies; men's more frequent use of these proactive strategies generally related to fewer hospital admissions. Gender also interacted with secondary-control strategies; women's more frequent use of compensatory (self-protective) strategies corresponded to fewer hospital admissions and shorter hospital stay durations. Taken together, our findings suggest that men benefit by adopting certain primary-control strategies and women benefit by adopting certain compensatory secondary-control strategies.
对社区居住的个体（n = 143，年龄在73 - 98岁之间）进行了评估，以考量他们对特定任务控制策略的使用是否能预测其后两年的住院结局。作者感兴趣的是，面临因健康问题导致任务受限的男性和女性，是否能从使用初级和次级控制策略中同等程度地受益。性别与初级控制策略存在交互作用；男性更频繁地使用这些主动策略通常与较少的住院次数相关。性别也与次级控制策略存在交互作用；女性更频繁地使用补偿性（自我保护）策略对应着较少的住院次数和较短的住院时长。综合来看，我们的研究结果表明，男性通过采用某些初级控制策略而受益，女性则通过采用某些补偿性次级控制策略而受益。
