Greene Melissa L, Way Niobe, Pahl Kerstin
Department of Psychiatry, Cornell University Medical College, White Plains, NY 10605, USA.
Dev Psychol. 2006 Mar;42(2):218-36. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.42.2.218.
This article presents results from a 3-year longitudinal study of the growth patterns and correlates of perceived discrimination by adults and by peers among Black, Latino, and Asian American high school students. Results revealed a linear increase over time in levels of perceived discrimination by adults, whereas perceptions of discrimination by peers remained stable over time. Asian American and non-Puerto Rican Latino adolescents (primarily Dominican) reported higher levels of peer and/or adult discrimination than did Puerto Rican youth, whereas Black adolescents reported a steeper increase over time in levels of perceived discrimination by peers and by adults than did Puerto Rican adolescents. Peer and adult discrimination was significantly associated with decreased self-esteem and increased depressive symptoms over time. Ethnic identity and ethnicity were found to moderate the relationships between perceived discrimination and changes in psychological well-being over time. Results underscore the need to include perceptions of discrimination when studying the development and well-being of ethnic minority adolescents.
本文展示了一项为期3年的纵向研究结果，该研究针对黑人、拉丁裔和亚裔美国高中生中成年人及同龄人所感知到的歧视的增长模式及其相关因素。结果显示，成年人所感知到的歧视水平随时间呈线性增长，而同龄人所感知到的歧视随时间保持稳定。亚裔美国青少年和非波多黎各裔拉丁裔青少年（主要是多米尼加人）报告的来自同龄人和/或成年人的歧视水平高于波多黎各青少年，而黑人青少年报告的来自同龄人和成年人的歧视水平随时间的增长幅度比波多黎各青少年更大。随着时间的推移，同龄人和成年人的歧视与自尊下降及抑郁症状增加显著相关。研究发现，种族认同和种族会调节所感知到的歧视与心理健康随时间变化之间的关系。研究结果强调，在研究少数族裔青少年的发展和幸福时，需要纳入对歧视的感知。
