Benenson Joyce F, Heath Anna
Department of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom.
Dev Psychol. 2006 Mar;42(2):272-82. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.42.2.272.
Past research predicts that males will be more likely to withdraw in one-on-one interactions versus groups, whereas females will be more likely to withdraw in groups than in one-on-one interactions. Ninety-eight 10-year-old children engaged in a word generation task either in same-sex dyads or in groups. Boys completed significantly more words in groups than in dyads, whereas girls' performance was similar in the 2 social structures. Confirming the hypothesis, analyses of the dynamics of dyads and groups using time spent writing as a measure of effort demonstrated that boys withdrew more than girls in dyads, whereas girls withdrew more than boys in groups. Furthermore, in groups, girls were more likely than boys to focus on one individual. Causal explanations for sex differences in preferences for differing social structures are proposed.
以往的研究预测，在一对一互动中，男性比在群体中更有可能退出；而在群体中，女性比在一对一互动中更有可能退出。98名10岁儿童在同性二元组或群体中进行单词生成任务。男孩在群体中完成的单词明显多于在二元组中，而女孩在两种社会结构中的表现相似。使用写作时间作为努力程度的衡量标准，对二元组和群体动态的分析证实了这一假设，即男孩在二元组中比女孩退出得更多，而女孩在群体中比男孩退出得更多。此外，在群体中，女孩比男孩更有可能专注于某一个体。文中还提出了对不同社会结构偏好中性别差异的因果解释。
