预防和管理儿童肥胖。给家庭医生的建议。
Preventing and managing pediatric obesity. Recommendations for family physicians.
作者信息
Plourde Gilles
机构信息
Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Que.
出版信息
Can Fam Physician. 2006 Mar;52(3):322-8.
OBJECTIVE
To review the evidence on prevention and management of childhood obesity and to offer suggestions for family physicians.
QUALITY OF EVIDENCE
Articles were obtained from a PubMed search. Most studies on pediatric obesity provide level II evidence. There are some level I studies on management.
MAIN MESSAGE
Pediatric obesity is underdiagnosed and undertreated. Prevention should be initiated as early as pregnancy. Prevention and treatment approaches should include patient and family interventions focusing on nutrition, physical activity, reduced television viewing, and behaviour modification. The effectiveness of such interventions by primary care physicians has not been totally demonstrated, but incorporating them into clinical practice routines is likely to be beneficial.
CONCLUSION
Family physicians have a role in promoting preventive measures and identifying and treating obesity-related comorbidity. Pediatric obesity is not an individual child's problem, but a problem that involves the whole family and the community. Recommending a healthy diet and increased physical activity and counseling families on behaviour change is the best approach to preventing and managing childhood obesity.
目的
回顾儿童肥胖预防与管理的相关证据，并为家庭医生提供建议。
证据质量
文章通过PubMed检索获得。大多数关于儿童肥胖的研究提供二级证据。在管理方面有一些一级研究。
主要信息
儿童肥胖诊断不足且治疗不足。预防应在孕期尽早开始。预防和治疗方法应包括针对患者及家庭的干预措施，重点关注营养、体育活动、减少看电视时间以及行为改变。初级保健医生进行此类干预的有效性尚未得到充分证明，但将其纳入临床实践常规可能有益。
结论
家庭医生在促进预防措施以及识别和治疗肥胖相关合并症方面发挥作用。儿童肥胖并非个别儿童的问题，而是涉及整个家庭和社区的问题。推荐健康饮食、增加体育活动并就行为改变为家庭提供咨询是预防和管理儿童肥胖的最佳方法。
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