Rafei Keyvan, Lichenstein Richard
Pediatric Emergency Department, University of Maryland Hospital for Children, Baltimore, 21201, USA.
Pediatr Clin North Am. 2006 Apr;53(2):215-42. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2005.10.001.
Upper and lower respiratory infections are encountered commonly in the emergency department. Visits resulting from occurrences of respiratory disease account for 10% of all pediatric emergency department visits and 20% of all pediatric hospital admissions. Causes of upper airway infections include croup, epiglottitis, retropharyngeal abscess, cellulitis, pharyngitis, and peritonsillar abscesses. Lower airway viral and bacterial infections cause illnesses such as pneumonia and bronchiolitis. Signs and symptoms of upper and lower airway infections overlap, but the differentiation is important for appropriate treatment of these conditions. This article reviews the varied clinical characteristics of upper and lower airway infections.
上呼吸道和下呼吸道感染在急诊科很常见。因呼吸道疾病就诊的病例占儿科急诊科所有就诊病例的10%，占儿科住院病例的20%。上呼吸道感染的病因包括哮吼、会厌炎、咽后脓肿、蜂窝织炎、咽炎和扁桃体周围脓肿。下呼吸道病毒和细菌感染会引发肺炎和细支气管炎等疾病。上呼吸道和下呼吸道感染的体征和症状有重叠，但区分对于这些疾病的恰当治疗很重要。本文综述了上呼吸道和下呼吸道感染的各种临床特征。
