Stuart George P, Patel Jayna, Bhagrath Navi
Psychology Department, Goldsmiths College, University of London, New Cross, UK.
Memory. 2006 Apr;14(3):345-58. doi: 10.1080/09658210500357059.
Whereas age effects commonly occur in tests of explicit memory, tests of implicit memory often show age invariance. In two experiments, the traditional confound between test type (implicit vs explicit) and retrieval process (conceptually driven vs perceptually driven) was removed by using conceptually driven and perceptually driven tests of both implicit and explicit memory. Experiment 1 revealed a significant age effect for conceptually driven retrieval and no age effect for perceptually driven retrieval, regardless of the type of memory being measured. Experiment 2 highlighted a difference between the two age groups in their ability to utilise semantic encoding in a nominally perceptually driven explicit memory test. The paper concludes that although perceptually driven processing is stable over age, particular care must be taken to minimise contamination from conceptually driven retrieval processes in such investigations.
虽然年龄效应通常出现在外显记忆测试中，但内隐记忆测试往往显示出年龄不变性。在两项实验中，通过对内隐和外显记忆同时使用概念驱动和知觉驱动测试，消除了测试类型（内隐与外显）和检索过程（概念驱动与知觉驱动）之间传统的混淆因素。实验1表明，无论测量的是哪种记忆类型，概念驱动检索存在显著的年龄效应，而知觉驱动检索不存在年龄效应。实验2突出了两个年龄组在名义上的知觉驱动外显记忆测试中利用语义编码能力的差异。论文得出结论，尽管知觉驱动加工在年龄上是稳定的，但在这类研究中必须特别注意尽量减少概念驱动检索过程的干扰。
