Selden Larry, MacMillan Ian C
Columbia Business School, New York, NY, USA.
Harv Bus Rev. 2006 Apr;84(4):108-16; 149.
No matter how hard companies try, their approaches to innovation often don't grow the top line in the sustained, profitable way investors expect. For many companies, there's a huge difference between what's in their business plans and the market's expectations for growth (as reflected in firms' share prices, market capitalizations, and P/E ratios). This growth gap springs from the fact that companies are pouring money into their insular R&D labs instead of working to understand what the customer wants and using that understanding to drive innovation. As a result, even companies that spend the most on R&D remain starved for both customer innovation and market-capitalization growth. In this article, the authors spell out a systematic approach to innovation that continuously fuels sustained, profitable growth. They call this approach customer-centric innovation, or CCI. At the heart of CCI is a rigorous customer R&D process that helps companies to continually improve their understanding of who their customers are and what they need. By so doing, they consistently create or improve their customer value proposition. Customer R&D also focuses on better ways of communicating value propositions and delivering the complete experience to real customers. Since so much of the learning about customers and so much of the experimentation with different segmentations, value propositions, and delivery mechanisms involve the people who regularly deal with customers, it is absolutely essential for frontline employees to be at the center of the CCI process. Simply put, customer R&D propels the innovation effort away from headquarters and the traditional R&D lab out to those closest to the customer. Using the example of the luggage manufacturer Tumi, the authors provide a step-by-step approach for achieving true customer-centric innovation.
无论公司如何努力,它们的创新方式往往无法以投资者期望的持续、盈利的方式推动营收增长。对许多公司来说,其商业计划中的内容与市场对增长的预期(反映在公司股价、市值和市盈率上)存在巨大差异。这种增长差距源于公司将资金投入到孤立的研发实验室,而不是努力去了解客户需求并利用这种了解来推动创新。结果,即使是在研发上投入最多的公司,在客户创新和市值增长方面仍然匮乏。在本文中,作者阐述了一种系统的创新方法,这种方法能持续推动持续、盈利的增长。他们将这种方法称为以客户为中心的创新,即CCI。CCI的核心是一个严格的客户研发流程,该流程有助于公司不断加深对客户是谁以及他们需要什么的理解。通过这样做,他们不断创造或改进客户价值主张。客户研发还专注于更好地传达价值主张以及向实际客户提供完整体验的方式。由于关于客户的大量学习以及对不同细分市场、价值主张和交付机制的大量试验都涉及经常与客户打交道的人员,因此一线员工处于CCI流程的中心绝对至关重要。简而言之,客户研发将创新工作从总部和传统研发实验室推向最接近客户的人员。作者以行李箱制造商途明(Tumi)为例,提供了实现真正以客户为中心的创新的逐步方法。